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J Endocrine > ANATOMY - thyroid and parathyroid > Flashcards

ANATOMY - thyroid and parathyroid Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

how many lobes are there in the thyroid

names

A

2 - right and left

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2
Q

what connects the 2 lobes of the thyroid

A

isthmus

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3
Q

name 2 anatomical variations in the thyroid gland

A

no/incomplete isthmus

pyramidal lobe - superior to rest of gland

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4
Q

embryologically where does the thyroid gland originate

A

foramen caecum

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5
Q

what is the path of the thyroid gland in embryology

A

thyroglossal duct

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6
Q

embryological abnormalities of thyroid (4)

A

failure of descent (lingual thyroid)
excessive descent (retrosternal thyroid)
thyroglossal duct cysts
ectopic thyroid tissue

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7
Q

where would you find a thyroglossal duct cyst

A

midline

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8
Q

where would you find ectopic thyroid tissue

A

anywhere along path of thyroid migration

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9
Q

how does the thyroid move on swallowing

A

superiorly then inferiorly

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10
Q

how do you feel for the thyroid gland

A

just below adams apple

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11
Q

spinal level of isthmus

A

C5-T1

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12
Q

in which layer is the platysma muscles

A

superficial fascia/subcut tissue

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13
Q

in which layer is the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscle in

A

investing deep fascia

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14
Q

what are the 2 layers of the neck that completely encircle the neck

A

superficial fascia

investing deep fascia

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15
Q

what are the attachments of the sternocleidomastoid muscle (3)

A

sternum
clavicle
mastoid process of temporal

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16
Q

what does the prevertebral deep fascia surround

A

postural neck muscles that surround the spine

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17
Q

where are the carotid sheaths in respect to the thyroid gland

A

anterolateral

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18
Q

contents of carotid sheath (4)

be specific

A

common carotid artery (just internal at C4)
internal jugular vein
vagus nerve
deep cervical lymph nodes

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19
Q

contents of pretracheal deep fascia (5)

A 
strap muscles 
thyroid gland
trachea 
oesophagus 
2 recurrent laryngeal nerves
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20
Q

what do the strap muscles do

A

pull hyoid bone down

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21
Q

what are the 4 strap muscles

A

sternohyoid
omohyoid
thyrohyoid
sternothyroid

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22
Q

where does the sternohyoid (strap muscle) go

A

from hyoid bone to sternum

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23
Q

where does the omohyoid (strap muscle) go

A

from shoulder (omo) to hyoid bone

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24
Q

where does thyrohyoid (strap muscle) go

A

from thyroid to hyoid bone

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25
where does the sternothyroid (strap muscle) go
from manubrium of sternum to thyroid
26
which of the strap muscles has 2 bellies (superior and inferior)
omohyoid
27
which strap muscle has an 'intermediate tendon' attached to the clavicle, that changes the course of the muscle (bc of superior and inferior bellies)
omohyoid
28
what are the muscles in the superficial fascia of the neck called
platysma muscles (right and left)
29
which arteries supply the superior thyroid
superior thyroid arteries
30
which arteries supply the inferior thyroid
inferior thyroid arteries
31
which artery supplies the isthmus of the thyroid (anatomical variation)
thyroid ima artery
32
where does the superior thyroid arteries come from
external carotid arteries (left and right)
33
where does the inferior thyroid arteries come from
subclavian arteries
34
on which side does the subclavian artery come directly from the arch of the aorta
left
35
where does the thyroid ima artery come from (if it exists)
right common carotid
36
what is the general blood supply/drainage to each side of the thyroid
2 inputs - superior and inferior | 3 outputs - superior, middle and inferior
37
what drains the superior thyroid gland
superior thyroid vein
38
what drains most of the inferior thyroid
middle thyroid vein
39
what drains a little of the inferior thyroid
inferior thyroid vein
40
where does the superior thyroid vein drain
internal jugular vein
41
where does the middle thyroid vein drain
internal jugular vein
42
where does the L inferior thyroid vein drain
L brachiocephalic vein
43
where does the R inferior thyroid vein drain
L brachiocephalic (or R brachiocephalic or angle between the 2 brachiocephalics)
44
where does the superior thyroid drain its lymph
superior deep cervical lymph nodes
45
where does the inferior thyroid drain its lymph
inferior deep cervical lymph nodes paratracheal lymph nodes pretracheal lymph node
46
where does lymph in the deep cervical lymph nodes drain
right lymphatic duct or thoracic duct (on the left) then into the right/left venous angle
47
which nerve palsy may present with hoarse voice
vagus CN X
48
what is most likely to be damage in a thyroidectomy
recurrent laryngeal branches of the vagus CN X
49
in which layer of neck fascia does the vagus nerve travel in
carotid sheath
50
next to which artery does the vagus nerve travel
common carotid artery
51
what are the first branches of the vagus nerve
superior laryngeal branches
52
what do the superior laryngeal branches of the vagus nerve supply
cricothyroid muscles and mucosa above the vocal cords
53
which nerve are the superior laryngeal branches part of
vagus nerve CN X
54
what happens to the superior laryngeal nerves after they branch off the vagus
split into internal and external superior laryngeal nerves
55
what is supplied by the inferior laryngeal nerve
all laryngeal muscles apart from cricothyroid muscles
56
where does the inferior laryngeal nerve come from
recurrent laryngeal nerve
57
at what level does the recurrent laryngeal nerve change into the inferior thyroid nerve
cricothyroid joint
58
what supplies the mucosa of the throat above the vocal cords
internal superior laryngeal nerve (branch of vagus) | the internal one bc muscosa is inside = internal
59
what supplies the mucosa of the throat below the vocal cords
inferior laryngeal nerve (from the recurrent laryngeal nerve)
60
what nerve supplies most of the laryngeal muscles
inferior laryngeal nerve (form the recurrent laryngeal nerve)
61
what nerve supplies the cricothyroid muscles (diff from the rest of the laryngeal muscles)
external superior laryngeal nerve | the external one bc muscle is on the outside = external
62
what is the anastomoses between the internal laryngeal nerve and the inferior laryngeal nerve called
galens anastomoses
63
where does the right vagus go after it travels down the right trachea then right oesophagus
posterior oesophagus (laRP = right, posterior)
64
where does the right recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve go under (loop round)
right subclavian artery (in neck)
65
where does the left recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve go under (loop round)
ligamentum arteriosum (remnant of ductus arteriosum)
66
where does the left vagus go after it travels down the left trachea and oesophagus
anterior oesophagus (LArp = left, anterior)
67
which groove do the recurrent vagus nerves travel in
tracheoesophageal groove
68
how does recurrent vagus nerve injury present why
hoarseness they supply the vocal cords
69
what does the anterior jugular vein drain
face
70
where does the anterior jugular vein drain into
external jugular vein
71
what are langers lines how were they found many years ago
the lines of skin tension found on a cadaver
72
where do you cut in a thyroidectomy
superior to clavicle and jugular notch
73
what is berrys ligament
anchors the posterior thyroid gland in place
74
why is berrys ligament significant in thyroidectomy
need to cut through it to mobilise thyroid
75
what structure is close to berrys ligament and hence likely to be damaged in thyroidectomy
recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus
76
how many parathyroid glands are there
4
77
what are the names of the parathyroid glands
left superior left inferior right superior right inferior
78
where are the parathyroid glands location
behind thyroid gland (1 parathyroid gland behind each thyroid gland lobe)

J Endocrine (12 decks)

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