Ancient Rome

Question 1

3 Historical periods in Rome

Answer 1

1. Monarchy
2. Republic
3. Empire

Question 2

3 Roman values/ideals

Answer 2

1. Pietas, sense of duty
2. need to seize the day
3. contempt for luxury (praise for thriftiness)
   also:
   agricultural ideal
   praise of toil (labor)

Question 3

2 stages of Roman marriage

Answer 3

1. People shout bad things to advert the evil eye
2. Lock right hands
   also:
   girls gave up toys to gods to show they were women
   girls put on a flammeum, which is a yellow/orangish veil

Question 4

Penalty for wife committing adultery

Answer 4

wife was exiled

Question 5

Penalty for husband for not divorcing a wife who had committed adultery

Answer 5

lose legal/citizen rights

Question 6

Patria Potestas (fathers powers)

Answer 6

1. religious power
2. property power
3. power over life and death

Question 7

Latium

Answer 7

Geographical area of Rome

Question 8

Rome was founded in…

Answer 8

753 BC (by Romulus and Remus)

Question 9

Exemplums

Answer 9

Taught Romans morals, stories about bravery, honesty, courage etc.

Question 10

Lucius Quincitius Cincinnatus

Answer 10

Agricultural ideal exemplum, high political leader (dictator) who choose to go back to being farmer after a successful campaign

Question 11

Ideals of marriage

Answer 11

1. Univira (one man one women) women should be faithful, no cheat. Not supposed to remarry after husband dies.
2. Concordia (harmony) working together, they are a team.

Question 12

Pietas

Answer 12

sense of duty to:
one's parents (exemplum Aeneas)
one's fatherland
one's god
one's friend/client

Question 13

Childbirth

Answer 13

Childbirth killed more women than men in war
1/4 children died in the first 12 months
mothers did not breast feed
fed wine to newborns

Question 14

The right of 3 children

Answer 14

an attempt to increase birthrate, if you have 3 living children, than you get legal benefits

Question 15

Reasons for infant exposure

Answer 15

1. Physical defects
2. Illegitimacy (suspected cheating)
3. bad omens
4. Gender

Question 16

Bulla

Answer 16

The amulet boys wore to advert from the evil eye

Question 17

Roman Religion

Answer 17

Lacks dogma - you didn’t HAVE to believe in certain things
Lacks religous text
No ethical guidance

Question 18

Syncretism

Answer 18

Roman religion was always adding new gods

constantly evolving

Question 19

Domestic Gods

Answer 19

1. Lares - protective spirits of the household
2. Penate - Protective spirits of the cupboard
3. Lararium - Shrine to the Lares

Question 20

The Olympians

Answer 20

Greek gods (which are similar to roman gods)
Zeus - Jupitar
Ares - Mars
Hera - Juno
Aphrodite - Venus

Question 21

Prayer

Answer 21

Not private
very ritualized
legalism - striking “contracts” with the gods

Question 22

Stages of Roman sacrifice

Answer 22

1. Procession of victims to the altar (pigs, sheep, goats)
2. Prayer, offering of wine
3. pour of wine, and salting the animals head
4. killing the animal (by slaves)
5. Examination of the bodies
6. Burning of the animals body on the altar

Question 23

Sibylline Oracles

Answer 23

Collection of books that had answers to people questions

Question 24

Augury

Answer 24

observation of the flight or behavior of birds in order to predict the future

Question 25

Extispicy

Answer 25

Liver of sacrificed animal was examined. If the liver had blemishes, it was traced to gods who were unhappy. Used a stone that was a liver map

Question 26

Ambarvalia

Answer 26

Festival to purify the land end of may pig-sheep-bull procession

Question 27

Saturnalia

Answer 27

Festival in honor of Saturn December 17, but celebrated throughout the month Rowdy gift giving free people wear the pileus (coned shaped hat)

Question 28

Lupercalia

Answer 28

Festival of fertility February 15 naked men run around striking women with strips of goat skin rowdy atmosphere

Question 29

Pontifex

Answer 29

Official priest of the state religion 16 of them elected position

Question 30

Vestal Virigins

Answer 30

Priestesses of the temple of Vesta 6 of them Responsible of keeping the flame of vesta burning had to remain a virgin for 30 years, if broken you were buried alive

Question 31

Aeneid Characters

Answer 31

Dido - Aeneas love affair Mercury - god who tell Aeneas to go to Italy, for pietas Ascanius - Aeneas son Anchises - Aeneas father Turnus - Engaged to Lavinia (who Aeneas is also engaged to) Lavinia - daughter of Latinus and Amata Pallas - son of Evander who is killed by Turnus Evander - tells story of Hercules and Caucus

Question 32

12 Tables

Answer 32

Romes first written law code

Question 33

Imatatio

Answer 33

It's good to adapt from other works of art, just make it your own. Virgil adapts Homer's epics in the Aeneid

Question 34

Patricians

Answer 34

Original appointed by Romulus himself there were less than 100 we known by their name patricians became extremely rare

Question 35

Tribune of the Plebs

Answer 35

An elected role first there were 2, later there were 10 had to be a plebeian were sacrosanct (couldn't touch their bodies, capital offense)

Question 36

Equestrians (Equites)

Answer 36

Business class Social prestige legal advantages

Question 37

Criminal punishment for free citizens

Answer 37

1. exile (not that bad) 2. fines 3. work on public projects (slave work)

Question 38

Criminal punish for slaves and noncitizens

Answer 38

1. Crucifixtion 2. 'to the beast' - had to fights animals 3. work in the mines 4. fines 5. the sack - if you killed your father, you were sewn into a bag with a monkey, rooster, a dog, and a snake and were thrown into water.

Question 39

Patron-Client relationship

Answer 39

Patrons: represents clients interests offers legal assistance gifts/dinner ``` Clients: vote/support patron offer services increased patrons visibility owned faith and loyalty ```

Question 40

Comitia Centuriata

Answer 40

Patricians and plebian | Elected consuls