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Archeaology > Ancient Rome - After Midterm > Flashcards

Ancient Rome - After Midterm Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

Grieving

A

Grieving was public
It was a sign of toughness to grieve for a short time
can’t wear purple clothes

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2
Q

Funeral Ceremony

A
  1. Preparing the body
  2. The funeral procession (slaves forced to cry)
  3. Laments and speeches
  4. Cremation and burial
  5. Day of mourning (but a cyprus branch on your door)
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3
Q

Epicureanism

A

People follow Epicurus
His school was called “the garden”

Major ideas:
the highest good is pleasure (absence of pain)
everything in the universe consists of atoms
no fear of death
gods exist, but have no involvement with human life

figures:
Lucretius
Horace
Philodemus

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4
Q

Stoicism

A

Major ideas:
sought apathia (freedom from all passions)
Reasons (logos) a cosmic force
Life should be lived according to nature
political involvement
honor in choose when you die (self control)

figures:
Manilius
Seneca
Epictetus

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5
Q

Cynicism

A

Followed Diogenes (known as “dog”)

Major ideas:
Rejected customs
Valued labor
Contempt for political leaders and famous people
Deliberately shocked public (masterbates in public)

figures:
Julian

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6
Q

Nero

A

Senecas successor

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7
Q

Wealth Roman House

A
  1. Atrium
  2. Impluvium
  3. Dining Room
  4. Tablinium
  5. Garden
  6. Commercial space
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8
Q

Cloaca Maxima

A

famous sewer

aqueducts - bridge that carried water

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9
Q

Bath process/routine

A
  1. gather people and slaves to go to the baths
  2. arrive, pay small fee IF THERE IS ONE (usually free)
  3. change clothes
  4. rubbed with olive oil
  5. physical exercise in the palastra (to make you sweat)
  6. dirt was scraped off with a strigil
  7. enter the baths
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10
Q

Caldarium

A

the hot room of the baths

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11
Q

Tepidarium

A

The medium temp room of the baths

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12
Q

Frigidarium

A

The cold room of the baths

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13
Q

Heat of baths

A

Water was heat by simple boiler

Floors and walls were heated by a complex heat system under the floors

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14
Q

Life in the army (after Gaius Marius)

A
  • any citizen was eligible to serve, regardless of wealth
  • creation of a professional standing army
  • recruits served for 20 years, and worked on public projects when there was peace
  • after service, they settled on land; allies could earn their citizenship after service
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15
Q

Century, Cohort, Legion

A

1 century = 80 men
6 centuries = a cohort = 480 men
10 cohorts = a legion = 4800 men

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16
Q

Army weapons

A

sword
shield
javalins (thrown at the start of battle)
helment

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17
Q

Primiplius

A

Chief Centurion

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18
Q

Land reform of Tiberius Graccus

A

FAILED:
attempted to limit landholding to the wealthy
restricted landholding to 500 roman acres
public land to be redistributed to the poor by a commission

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19
Q

Who works the farm?

A
  1. small property owners
  2. sharecroppers
  3. tenant farmers
  4. slaves
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20
Q

Grain

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A
  • basis for Roman diet
  • wheat and barely
  • The ‘Corn Dole’ - people could receive free corn, to make sure poor people didn’t starve

tools to make grain:

  • roman mattock
  • roman plow
21
Q

Grapes/Types of Wine

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Falernian wine - most prestigious wine
  2. Mulsum - wine mixed with honey
  3. Lora - wine for slaves
22
Q

Shepards

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A

Depicted as living a life of leisure when in actuality it was very difficult.

cows
horses, mules, donkeys (most valuable)
sheep
goats
pigs
poultry
23
Q

Salt

Study These Flashcards
A

Pliny - “without salt, it is impossible to lead a civilized life.”

  • type of currency in trading
  • used in sacrifices
  • use to make garum
24
Q

3 Stages of Education

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Litterator - elementary stage, age 6 or 7, learns basic reading, writing and math, kids used abacus
  2. Grammatica - Second stage, age 10-14, bilingual, know both latin and greek, read great works of literature, lucky if you got to this stage
  3. Rhetor - boys attended at 14 or 15, only the wealthiest could afford to go here, training in philosophy, history, astronomy (if your father was very rich, you could study abroad in Athens).

only 10 percent of Romans could read and write

25
Female education
only participated in litterator stage | romans wanted women to be literate, they just didn't have the education system.
26
Pax Romana
Peace after war
27
Origins of Gladiators
Funeral games? Gladiator shows as a funeral celebration to humiliate captured enemies military origin
28
The Hunt (Venatio)
staged hunt in the arena Venator: normal dressed, hunting clothes Bestiarius: high trained gladiator, armored different exotic animals fight each other
29
Midday show
most people left (arena almost empty) executions of criminals forced combat
30
Who were Gladiators?
slaves volunteers (people who wanted adrenaline) female gladiators were extremely rare, eventually banned infamia - lose reputation
31
types of gladiators
1. Murmillo - heavily armed, big, bulky, slow | 2. Retiarius - holds 3 weapons, a net, a trident and a dagger, fast
32
Gladiator outcome
Thumbs up = kill him | Thumbs down = save him
33
Circus/chariot racing
Chariot racing, most two wheels not 4 drivers were slaves or freedmen owned my the managers of the team Four teams = white, reds, blues and greens
34
Types of towns
1. Colonia - new land | 2. Muncipium - already there, colonized
35
Publican
independent tax collector
36
Bondicca
British warrior queen
37
Roman ball games
Trigon - 3 people throw a ball each other in a circle | Hapastrum - agressive, football like game
38
Little Bandits
Popular roman board game, gambling. Augustus was an emperor addicted to gambling.
39
Types of magic
1. curses (curse someone with defixio, lead tablet, that was buried near them). 2. love magic - louve doll (vodoo doll) Penis was a symbol to ward off the evil eye
40
magical words
abra cadabra | "sator" square
41
The golden ass
story about Lucius who is accidentally turned into an ass by Photis, a slave of Pamphile. Byrrnhena warned Lucius that Pamphile was a witch. The egyptian goddess Isis turns Lucius into a man again, and Lucius shaves his head and follows Isis as part of his religion.
42
Pompey
Roman general who besieged Jerusalem. Created Judea, which was ruled by kings known as herods.
43
Second Temple
In 70AD, romans destroyed jerusalem and burned down the second temple. Captured a large fortress known as a masada. Most jew killed themselves when the Romans attacked.
44
Roman views of Jewish communities
1. separatist, dangerous - Because the jews kept to themselves, Romans though the jews hated them and that they were anti-roman. Jews thought it was horrible to expose babies. 2. proselytizing - Jews tried to convert other people 3. Sabbath - Jews custom rest day, every 7th day. Romans adopted this custom. 4. Circumcision 5. Dietary rules
45
Letters of Pliny and Trajan
Letters that inform Pliny to help prosecute the christians on a list of names but Pliny doesn't understand why the should be prosecuted. Being christian wasn't illegal. Trajan agrees with pliny and think the christians should have to be proved guilty before prosecution. Anyone could prove they weren't christian by worshipping roman gods.
46
Early Christians
Greek speaking community low social status, given slave names meeting in private houses catacombs - underground tunnels where rituals were preformed
47
Prejudice against Christians
1. Christianity was a club or political organization 2. Treasury - romans though christians were amassing tons of money, possibly to use against them 3. hatred for mankind 4. cannibalism, if you weren't roman you were savage 5. incest/illicit sexual behavior - romans though christian private meetings were orgies
48
Spread of christianity
Battle of Milvian bridge in 312 AD. Constantine the great, first emperor to convert to christianity. Romans put the christian symbol on their flag because in Constantine's dream, he was told that if he did, rome would win the battle. they won. every emperor after that was christian, except for one.

Archeaology (3 decks)

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