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Intro Western Religion > Ancient World > Flashcards

Ancient World Flashcards

1
Q

Isis

A

Goddess of fertility - Egyptian goddess - took on other functions - became universal goddess

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2
Q

Acted as an intermediary between humanity and divine realm

A

Oracle

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3
Q

What did Greek priestesses do

A

Kept temples groomed- led prayers- took part in sacrifices

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4
Q

Cult

A

System of religious veneration and devotion to a specific person or object

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5
Q

Roman dieties

A

Jupiter; Juno; Venus; Minerva; Neptune; dianna

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6
Q

Ishtar

A

Babylonian and Assyrian goddess of love and war

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7
Q

Religions of antiquity disappeared when and why

A

400 CE - Christian sermon deemed antiquity as mother of all evils - reflected western beliefs of one not several gods
-

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8
Q

Minor gods

A

Staff - do unpleasant tasks for more overfill dieties - agents of calamity and punishmebt

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9
Q

Plutarch

A

Greek - served as magistrate and ambassador to Mediterranean islands - senior priest at Apollo

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10
Q

Netherworld

A

Afterworld; underworld of the dead

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11
Q

How did groups employ understand the term religion

A

Communities sought to ensure support of the gods by adhering to ancestral customs - focus on community not individual

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12
Q

Anthropomorphism

A

Attribution of human characteristics or behaviour to a God animal or object

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13
Q

Theogoney

A

How gods came into being

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14
Q

Tripartite structure of the cosmos

A

The divine - theogony
Organization of the universe - heaven earth
Netherworld

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15
Q

Omens

A

Divine messages understood as warnings

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16
Q

Serena

A

Christian entered temple of manga matis took necklace placed on her own neck - seen as transfer of religious symbols - never heard from again

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17
Q

Zeus

A

Greek supreme god protector and ruler of human life

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18
Q

Physical representations of gods exemplified

A

Human ideals of beauty grace power

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19
Q

Most enduring omen

A

Astrology

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20
Q

Secondary gods

A

Supporting roles act as judges to humans or as counsellor to sovereign god

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21
Q

Apotropiac

A

Having the power to avert evil influences or bad luck

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22
Q

Osiris

A

God originally connected with fertility - influenced understanding of divine judgement in Judaism and Christianity

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23
Q

Greek dieties

A

Zeus; Hera;Aphrodite; Athena; Poseidon

24
Q

Oracle

A

To speak - relates to gods answers to questions; the places where they were delivered; or people through whom the god spoke

25
Q

Necroplis

A

Cemetery large belong to an ancient city

26
Q

Supreme gods

A

Supreme power associated with forces of nature; rulers

27
Q

What offices did Sumerian women hold

A

High priestly office

28
Q

Theology

A

Nature of the gods

29
Q

Asclepius

A

God of heating son of apollo

30
Q

Cosmology

A

How the world organized

31
Q

What contains messages from the gods

A

Anything - stars storms smoke water sacrificed animals

32
Q

Enigma Elish

A

Mesopotamian creation epic

33
Q

Pyramid texts

A

Utterances carved in walls of royal burial sites

34
Q

Types of gods

A

Supreme secondary minor

35
Q

Identities of zeus

A

Olympis the supreme god; stratios leader of armies

36
Q

Tiamat

A

Female monster - represented primeval chaos and disorder

37
Q

Divination

A

Interpreting fubpnction where one read between the lines noticing unusual phenomena; recognize anomalies and finding significance in them

38
Q

Stela

A

Stone slab with commemorative inscription or design - gravestone

39
Q

Predictive omens

A

Omens that could be solicited - if the oil sinks in water

40
Q

Types of natural phenomena used to read messages from the divine realm

A

Observations of natural phenomena; movements of stars; unusual births; thunder; cloudless day

41
Q

Antiquity in west refers to the time period of

A

Late 4th millennium bce to middle of first millennium ce

42
Q

General trends when comparing religions of antiquity

A

No founding figure
Many dieties
Fewer canonical texts
Common ethical imperatives

43
Q

Religions of antiquity placed a great deal of emphasis on

A

Rituals

44
Q

These were common in rituals re antiquity

A

Sacrifices

45
Q

The primary mechanism of communication with the divine realm in antiquity

A

Ritual

46
Q

Earliest gods linked to

A 
Nature 
Sun
Moon
Sky
Water
47
Q

Great dieties had power to

A

Influence human activities

Could dispense justice

48
Q

Secondary dieties could

A

Act as messengers for the greater gods

Sometimes doing unpleasant tasks

49
Q

Many ancient religions had concept of divine light. This demonstrates what

A

The potential positive and negative power of the gods because light can be brilliant and blinding

50
Q

Examples of female dieties

A

Isis - Egypt - possesses great power

Demeter - Greek - fertility of the earth and associated with agriculture and motherhood

51
Q

A person could demonstrate piety by

A

Clothing feeding dieties
Giving dieties gifts
Obeying their wishes
All done thru ritual

52
Q

Sacrifice was one of the most important aspects of ritual practice in the

A

Ancient near east

Mediterranean

53
Q

Sacrifice ritual can be understood as

A

A transformative act where a regular object into a sacred object that is offered as a gift to the divine

54
Q

Sacrificial objects included

A

Food
Beverages
Animal ( rules were attached to this)

55
Q

Vestal virgins Rome ensured

A

Sacred fire never went out
Guarded Roman storehouse
Prepared sacred objects for public sacrifice

56
Q

Common themes of legal or ethical codes

A

Responsibility
Compassion
Justice

Intro Western Religion (10 decks)

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