Anemia

Question 1

What condition comes to mind when you hear the two words: “Tired” and “Pale”?

Answer 1

Iron Deficiency Anemia

Question 2

In developing world, what is the most common reason for iron deficiency anemia?

Answer 2

Nutrition

Question 3

In developed world, what is the most common reasons for iron deficiency anemia?

Answer 3

acute blood loss, GI bleeding, Peptic ulcer disease, kidney disease, cancer, cancer, chronic infections, or nutritional deficiency

Question 4

What populations are most at risk for iron deficiency anemia? (list gender and age groups)

Answer 4

premenopausal women, and children

Question 5

What is the most common cause for iron deficiency anemia in children and why?

Answer 5

Consuming too much dairy, particularly milk because calcium competes with iron for absorption. The more calcium in GI tract, the more iron absorption is compromised.

Question 6

What are common symptoms of Anemia?

Answer 6

• Fatigue
• Weakness
• Irritability
• Pale skin
• feeling cold often
• coldness at the extremities
• difficulty concentrating
• chelosis (cracks at the corners of mouth)
• glossitis (enlarged tongue, swollen)

Question 7

What is the storage form of iron in the body?

Answer 7

ferritin

Question 8

What type of anemia do the following test results indicate?

Low hemoglobin/ low hematocrit (H/H)
Low mean corpuscular volume (MCV)
Low mean corpuscular hemoglobin
Low mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration

Answer 8

Microcytic, Hypochromic Anemia

Question 9

What does mean corpuscular volume mean?

Answer 9

measures the average size of your red blood cells

Question 10

What is hemoglobin?

Answer 10

protein in RBCs that carries oxygen to cells and pick up carbon dioxide

Question 11

What is hematocrit?

Answer 11

percentage of RBCs in total blood volume

Question 12

What do these clinical lab results indicate?

low hemoglobin
low hematocrit
low mean corpuscular volume

Answer 12

Iron deficiency anemia

Question 13

What do these clinical lab results indicate?

Hemoglobin: low
mean corpuscular volume (mcv): high
mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH): high
mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration: normal

Answer 13

Macrocytic, Megaloblastic anemia

Question 14

What is the most common form of iron in food?

Answer 14

ferric iron

Question 15

What form of iron is absorbed in the duodenum?

Answer 15

ferrous iron

Question 16

What is anemia?

Answer 16

condition characterized by a deficiency in the number of red blood cells or the amount of hemoglobin in the blood

Question 17

What is Erythropoietin?

Answer 17

hormone produced primarily by the kidneys that plays a crucial role in red blood cell production

Question 18

What is macrocytic megaloblastic anemia?

Answer 18

type of anemia characterized by abnormally large red blood cells and impaired DNA synthesis

Question 19

What common nutrient deficiencies are associated with microcytic megaloblastic anemia?

Answer 19

Folate and B12 deficiency

Question 20

Name the anemia

large RBCs that are dysfunctional and less in number overall

Answer 20

macrocytic megaloblastic anemia

Question 21

Pernicious anemia

Answer 21

a chronic condition that occurs when the body cannot absorb vitamin B12 properly

Question 22

What are common reasons that the body can’t absorb B12 properly ? (Name 3)

Answer 22

1. Problems with intrinsic factor
2. ileal resection
3. Medications (metformin, GERD meds like PPI’s and H2 receptor antagonists, antibiotics

Question 23

What type of diets are most at risk for the development of a B12 deficiency and why?

Answer 23

Vegan and vegetarian diets, because B12 is mainly found in animal containing foods - meat, eggs, etc.

Question 24

What are some plant based sources of vitamin B12?

Answer 24

shitake mushrooms, nori (seaweed), and tempeh (as a result of fermentation of the soybeans)

Question 25

What is intrinsic factor?

Answer 25

a glycoprotein that is released by parietal cells in the stomach and found in gastric juices. Helps to release Vit B12 from protein.

Question 26

Where does B12 bind to intrinsic factor?

Answer 26

in the ileum

Question 27

If there is an issue with intrinsic factor, what is the best strategy to up regulate B12 absorption?

Answer 27

B12 injections

Question 28

What is the most common cause of megaloblastic anemia ?

Answer 28

Folate and/or B12 deficiency

Question 29

Why do we want to prevent folate deficiency in pregnant women?

Answer 29

can cause neural tube defects in utero and moms can pass this deficiency on to their babies

Question 30

What causes are common causes of folate deficiency?

Answer 30

- low intake through diet - alcohol consumption

Question 31

Blood loss induced anemia requires what mode of blood repletion?

Answer 31

transfusion

Question 32

What are some signs and symptoms of iron deficiency anemia specifically?

Answer 32

- negative child/adult cognition changes - stunted growth and growth abnormalities - fatigue - spoon shaped nails - glossitis

Question 33

What is sickle cell anemia?

Answer 33

this anemia is characterized by misshapen red blood cells and caused by a genetic mutation that affects the production of hemoglobin, the protein that carries oxygen in red blood cells

Question 34

Name a disease that can cause microcytic hypochromic anemia.

Answer 34

kidney disease

Question 35

Name iron rich foods and one potential cookware that may improve iron consumption

Answer 35

liver red meat legumes like chickpeas and lentils nuts spinach fortified grains fruit juice Cast iron skillet

Question 36

What nutrient can increase nonheme iron absorption?

Answer 36

Vitamin C

Question 37

Name folate rich foods

Answer 37

Beef spinach fortified whole grains chickpeas asparagus

Question 38

Name B12 rich foods

Answer 38

Beef clams fortified cereals salmon milk dairy yogurt cheese eggs tempeh

Question 39

What is microcytic hypo chromic anemia and most common 2 symptoms?

Answer 39

a type of anemia characterized by small, pale red blood cells Paleness and fatigue

Question 40

Common causes for microcytic hypo chromic anemia

Answer 40

- iron deficiency - blood loss (menstrual bleeding, GI ulcers or other GI disorder like Crohn's) - Thalassemia: genetic disorder affecting hemoglobin production