Anemia Flashcards
(40 cards)
What parasite is this?
mycoplasma haemofelis
What parasite is this?
Cytauxzoon felis
What parasite is this?
BABESIA!
What inclusion is this?
Distemper inclusions
I have a dog who comes into the clinic with blood that looks like the picture below: what is the likely cause of these findings?
macroagglutination
blood smear result indicates what after a saline test:
microagglutination
what are the lab signs of immune-mediated hemolysis?
- regenerative anemia
- macro/microagglutination
- spherocytes
- RBC ghosts
- pigmentnemia/uria
- neutrophilia
- variable platelets
- abnormal liver enzymes
What are the differentials for acquired hemolysis?
- immune-mediated
- infectious
- fragmentation (DIC, Heartworm)
- Toxic chemicals/plants
- osmotic
What are the differentials for congenital hemolysis?
- glycolytic defects
- membrane defects
- Hb-opathies
What are the differentials for primary IMHA?
idopathic auto-immune HA
neonatal isoerythrolysis
What are the differentials for secondary IMHA?
infectious dz (RBC parasites, tick borne, viral infection, bacterial infections elsewhere in body)
chemical (drug, toxin, vaccine)
neoplasia
other concurrent immune-mediated dz
Why would we perform a Coomb’s test? Does it distinguish between primary and secondayr IMHA?
when hemolysis is present and it is suspected to be caused by autoimmune dz but there is NO AUTOAGGLUTINATION
No distinction betw/ primary & secondayr IMHA
What are the three targets in RBC for oxidation?
Globin-Heinz bodies
membrane- eccentrocytes
Iron- methemoglobin
What are te humoral factors that support RBC production?
- EPO from kidney
- Iron from liver
- Endocrine hormones : pituitary gland, thyroid gland, glucocorticoids, androgens
How can you differentiate from acute and chronic renal disease?
chronic- anemia develops from inadequate EPO
What are the differentials for extramarrow non-regenerative anemia?
chronic renal dz
chronic inflammation/infection
chronic liver disease
cancer outside of the bone marrow
endocrine disorder
With chronic liver disease that leads to anemia from the abnormal protein and lipid synthesis and decreased iron-transport protein synthesis, what classification of anemia do we see?
mild-moderate normocytic, normochromic, non-regenerative anemia
acenthocytes may be observed
possible low MCV & low MCHC
What are the two most common causes of anemia from an endocrine deficiency?
hypothyroidism (dogs)
hypoadrenocorticism (dogs) aka Addison’s dz
In anemia caused by iron deficiency from nutritional deficiency, what vitamins/minerals are important for both heme synthesis and nuclear maturation?
Heme- copper (Fe metabolism), molybdenum (need for Cu metabolism), vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)
Nuclear maturation- vitamin B9 (folate), vitamin B12 (cobalamin), cobalt (required to make B12)
In what breed of dog are macrocytic RBC normal?
poodle
hemoptysis
cough up blood
With Iron deficiency anemia, why is there a shift from normochromic RBC to hypochromic RBC as the Fe deficiency gets worse?
the RBC undergo more mitosis (become microcytic) to evenly distribute the Hb which results in normochromic cells. Eventually all Fe depleted and Hb deficiency develops which leads to hypochromic RBC.
What are the storage and transport forms of Iron?
storage- ferritin
transport- transferrin
