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Clinical Pathology > General > Flashcards

General Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the two forms of reticulocytes in cats? How long do they last?

A

aggregate- 12hr-4-7d punctate- 10-12days

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2
Q

What species is more likely to get oxidation of Hb?

A

Cats- have more sulfahydryl groups that are targets for oxidation

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3
Q

In what breed of dog is von Willebrand’s deficiency common?

A

Dobermans

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4
Q

In which species is it normal to see small amount of heinz bodies?

A

cats

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5
Q

In which species are Howell-Jolly bodies normal?

A

horses & cats

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6
Q

In dogs, lithium heparin can overestimate which value?

A

albumin

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7
Q

What is greater in plasma vs. serum

A

more in serum- K, P, LDH (AST and CK in cattle/sheep

more in plasma- total proteins, globulins

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8
Q

What are the three things we need to be cautious about when using EDTA in terms of blood values?

A
  1. more K
  2. chelate divalent ions- Ca & Mg and effect enzymes (ALP, CK, glucose, amylase, lipase)
  3. acidosis (bicarbonate low)
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9
Q

On blood work, I see an increased glucose and diluted electrolytes- what does that indicate?

A

dextrose solution contamination

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10
Q

What are the three things that will happen with old blood?

A

cell lysis

RBC swelling (MCV, MCHC, PCV)

Platelet activation (MPV & platelet count)

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11
Q

What does long term storage do to blood?

A

decrease glucose

increase K as leaks from cells (horses, most LA, japenese dogs)

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12
Q

What is the corrected WBC count formula?

A

WBC x 100/ 100 + nRBC/100 WBC

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13
Q

Exposure of blood to light will decrease what values?

A

bilirubin

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14
Q

What analysis type is better at dealing with icterus & hemolysis?

A

reflectance chemistry

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15
Q

What are the things that affect absorbance?

A

lipolysis

hemolysis

icterus

hyperproteinemia

drug-KBr (hperhloremia)

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16
Q

What is the abnormal slide due to?

A
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17
Q

WBC count calculation?

Study These Flashcards
A

Avg #/100x x 10,000 (or square of objective)= cell/uL in 10 fields

18
Q

In what animals are large platelets norma?

Study These Flashcards
A

cats, Cavalier king charles spaniel

19
Q

What is the min # platelets/100x field normal?

Study These Flashcards
A

dog and cats- 7-10 platelets/100x hpf

20
Q

IF a horse of ruminant has pale-yellow plasma, what does that indicate?

Study These Flashcards
A

normal- from caretenoids in diet

21
Q

What is it?

Study These Flashcards
A

reactive lymphocyte

22
Q

With lipemia, what values are affect?

Study These Flashcards
A

decrease electrolytes

increased Hb

23
Q

What is the formula for Hct? What can falsely decrease it?

Study These Flashcards
A

Hct= MCV x RBC conc/10

autoagglutination

24
Q

Formula for MCHC

Study These Flashcards
A

Hb/PCV x 100= g/dL

25
What are the things that could cause hyperchromasia?
ALWAYS ARTIFACT hemolysis of sample interference of Hb measure (lipemia, Heinz body, extreme WBC elevation)
26
Will we see reticulocytosis in horses?
no
27
Formula for absolute reticulocyte count?
RBC ct/uL x uncorrected reticulocyte ct in decimal
28
FOrmular for corrected reticulocyte percent?
PCV/mean norm. PCV for species x uncorrected reticulocyte ct in %= %
29
How soon will a low PCV and panhypoproteinemia be observed after blood loss?
12-24hrs
30
what are three things that can affect my PCV acutely?
splenic cx autotransfusion (slower) administration of fluids
31
How can you tell the difference between intravascular and extravascular hemolysis?
intravascular- Hbnemia/uria (haptoglobin overwhelmed)
32
For hemolysis, what is the order of things you will see w/ bilirubin
1. bilirubinuria 2. bilirubinemia 3. icterus (\>2g/dL)
33
What are these cells? What do they indicate?
acanthocytes liver dz fragmentation hemolysis lipid disorders
34
What are the three types of fragmentation?
mechanical injury (DIC, heartworms) endothelial (vasculitis) thermal (heatstroke)
35
What are the cells? What do they indicate?
echinocytes (crenation) old blood, EDTA, snak bites
36
What are the cells? What do they indicate?
schistocytes fragmentation, DIC
37
What are the cells? What do they indicate?
spherocytes immune-mediated hemolysis on edge of blood film fragmentation/blood transfusion
38
What are the cells? What do they indicate?
RBC ghosts intravascular immune hemolysis
39
What cells are they? What do they indicate?
eccentrocytes anad pyknocyte oxidative damage
40
How to perform saline Test?
1 drop EDTA blood: 9 drops saline mix and mount
41
If the coomb's test is negative, can I rule out immune mediated hemolysis?
NO
42
What are potential causes of hyperchromasia?
hemolysis lipemia heinz bodies extreme WBC elevation

Clinical Pathology (6 decks)

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