Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

RUSVM Clinical Pathology > Anemia > Flashcards

Anemia Flashcards

(59 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are the 3 main causes of anemia?

A 
Increased loss (hemorrhage) 
Increased destruction (hemolysis) 
Decreased production by marrow

Or combo of these

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are clinical signs of anemia?

A

Pale mucous membranes
Lethargy
Increase resp rate, dyspnea
Increased heart rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Spenomegaly, icterus, and hemoglobinuria are clinical signs associated with ??

A

Blood destruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What 4 tests would you used to assess an anemia?

A

PCV- Red blood cell mass

Mean cell volume
Recticulocytes count
Total protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What test do you used to confirm IMHA?

A

Coombs test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

an anemia with a high reticulocyte count tells you what??

A

Bone marrow is responding (regenerative anemia)

-anemia due to blood loss or blood destruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What can you use to differentiate if an anemia is due to destruction or blood loss

A

Total protein

Low TP-> blood loss (acute)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

In a dog..

PCV 13%
Rectics 100,000 (high)
TP 5.0 (low)

Hematology -> acanthocytes and schistocytes

A

Hemangiosarcoma

-> acute blood loss due to rupture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are common causes of chronic blood loss?

A

GI ulcers
Bleeding GI tumors
Blood consuming parasites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

In adults, and iron deficiency anemia is almost always due to ???

A

Chronic blood loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

PCV 15%
Reticulocytes high
Microcytosis
RDW is increased

Histopathology -> keratocytes and increased central pallor

A

Regenerative anemia
Microcytosis and keratocytes are evidence of….

iron deficiency anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How does the therapy differ in adults and neonates for iron deficiency anemia?

A

Adult- > find source of chronic bleed

Neonate -> injectable iron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Microcytosis can have multiple causes .. what are they?

A

Portosystmic shunt
Breed predisposed
Anemia of inflammatory disease
Iron deficiency anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Case : 10yr old yellow lab
4months earlier: PCV 44% and TP 8.2

PCV 16%
Rectics 342 (range 0-60)
TP 6.2 (range 6.0-8.0)

What would you suspect?

A

Anemia due to blood loss

High reticulocyte count => regeneration
TP - is within range but much lower than it was at a check up 4months ago

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

CASE - 1yr old female pointer
History of back pain, vomiting, previously treated with steroids for the back pain

PCV: 18%
MCV 47 (60-72)
MCHC 33 (34-38)
Rectics 18.8 (0-60)
TP 5.9 (6-8)
Inflammatory leukogram 
Hematology-> keratocytes, schistocytes, blister cells, and giant platelets
A

MCV is low -> microcytosis
Rectics 18.8(relatively low)-> non regenerative
TP minorly low-> chronic blood loss

MCV and keratocytes/schistocytes –> Iron deficiency

Chronic blood loss

  • GI ulcer
  • hookworms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

In cats, immune hemolytic anemia is often associated with what conditions?

A

Mycoplasma hemofelis
FeLV
Neoplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

In horses, immune mediated hemolytic anemia is associated with ??

A

Penicillins, clostridial infections, and neoplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What species of dogs do we see the highest incidence of IMHA?

A

Cocker spaniels

Also in poodle and collies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the diagnostic test for immune mediated hemolytic anemia?

A

Coombs test (Direct antiglobulin test)

In IMHA, antibodies are binding to RBCs
Coombs adds and antibody against the IgG –> cause agglutination in positive animals by binding the IgG which is bound to RBCs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Does Dr Thrall like the Coombs test? Why or why not?

A

Nope

Many false negative -> immune competes attached to erythrocytes but destruction of RBC is not increased

Many false positives -> low concentration of AB of RBC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is your DDx for spherocytosis?

A

Previous mismatched blood transfusion
Rattlesnake envenomation
Heinz body anemia in horse

Zinc toxicosis
Bee stings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What do you call the disease of having both an immune mediated hemolytic anemia AND immune mediated thrombocytopenia ?

A

Evans syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

In IMHA, the leukograms almost always is _____

A

Inflammatory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the therapy for IMHA?

Study These Flashcards
A

Glucocorticosteriods (decrease AB production, Tcell activity, and macrophage function)
Fluids
Correct acidosis

Blood transfusion and splenectomy are not usually indicated

25
How can zinc toxicosis result in spherocyte formation?
Band 3 is a protein that exchanges bicarbonate ion for chlorine in RBCs -> zinc results in clustering of the protein ->> rounding of cell
26
What is a common cause of IMHA in horse/mule foals?
Neonatal isorytholysis -maternal AB against the neonates blood group bind the foals RBCs -> hemolysis Will see the foal become weak after ingesting colostrum
27
What erythrocytes parasites cause intravascular hemolysis
Babesia and Theileria -> AB against parasites --> complement fixations and phagocytosis my macrophages
28
What is a common cause of serious anemia in cats and can be a cause of IMHA. How does the cat get this?
Mycoplasma hemofelis Transmitted through blood feeding anthropoids/cat bites/ iatrogenic exposure
29
Cat.. ``` Anemia Splenomegaly Fever Lethargy Icterus ``` Blood smear shows small eosinophilic dots on the peripheral of the RBCs
mycoplasma hemofelis
30
Mycoplasma hemofelis will cause a regenerative anemia exception in what cases?
There is underlying disease like FeLV or severe inflammatory disease
31
In a doggo.. Blood smear shows eosinophilic line of dogs in the RBCs and you also see a Howell jolly body
M. Hemocanis
32
What mycoplasma is found in cattle and only causes sever anemia in splenecomized or immunosuppressed animals?
M. Wenyonii
33
What parasite of RBCs can cause a severe anemia in baby pigs and in adults is associated with poor weight gain
Mycoplasma hemosuis
34
Tick borne rickettsial infection of ruminants that can cause fatal hemolytic anemia
Anaplasmosis A. Marginale and A. Centrale
35
Hemoprotozoan organism that is transmitted by ticks and blood transfusions causing severe disese and hemolytic anemia
Babesia sis
36
Babesia sis in horses is usually called??
Piroplasmosis
37
Theileriosis is a protozoan causing hemolytic anemia in what sp?
Ruminants
38
What stage of the theileriosis organism is in the RBC
Merozoite (piroplasm)
39
T/F: blood smear of a deer, the RBCs are sickle shaped therefore they have sickle cell anemia
FALSE .. all the other clinical pathologist will laugh at you and will never respect you again, if you say this This shape change is normal change that occurs in vitro due to changes in oxygen concentration
40
Protozoan of cats that has a piroplasm RBC phase and a schizont phase in the macrophages in tissue
Feline cytauzoonoisis
41
What is a heinz body anemia?
Oxidatively denatured hemoglobin
42
What plants can form heinz body aneimia?
Allium (onion and garlic) Brassica (kale, cabbage, rape) Wilted red maple leaves
43
What drugs/chemicals can cause heinz body formation?
``` Acetaminophen Propylene glycol Naphthalene Crude oil Methylene blue ``` Zinc Copper selenium deficiency
44
How are heinz bodies formed?
Hemochrome formation due to oxidative damage--> irreversible -> aggregate Sulfhydral groups are susceptible to oxidative damage (cats have 8)
45
How does heinz body formation lead to anemia?
Hemochromes complex with protein band 3 -> clustering of protein band 3 --> creates a recognition site for auto-antibodies Spherocytosis Spectin-hemoglobin cross linkage -> increase membrane rigidity and decrease deformabiltiy --> removal by macrophages or lysis
46
What is methemoglobinemia?
Form of hemoglobin that cannot carry oxygen -iron is in the ferric state Caused by oxidative damage
47
Blood appears what colour when 30% of the hemoglobin is methemoglobin
Brown -> death at 90%
48
Copper toxicosis accumulates where? What species is most susceptible?
Accumulates in liver Sheep
49
Hypophasphatemia will have what effect on the blood?
Low P -> decreased glycolysis --> hemolysis
50
What are causes of hypophosphatemia in cats?
Diabetes mellitus | Enteral alimentation
51
What two bacteria can cause a hemolytic anemia
Clostridium sp Leptospirosis sp
52
What is yellow lamb disease?
Hemolytic anemia caused by clostridium perfringins type A
53
What is the etilogy of Red water disease AKA bacillary hemoglobinuria in cattle?
Clostridum hemolyticum Associated with fluke migration
54
Cattle ``` Anemia Arched back Bloody diarrhea Fever Dyspnea Hemoglobinuria ```
Clostridum hemolyticum | Red water disease
55
What can occur in cattle that have free access to water after a period of unavailability
Water intoxication Decreased osmolailty of plasma leads to hemolysis
56
What is a virus induced hemolysis of horses
Equine infectious anemia Aka Swamp fever
57
What is 'pink tooth' in catttle?
Porphyria Deficiency in uroporphyrinogen III co-synthetase Can't make hemoglobin -> accumulate uroporphyrin and coporporhyrin in bone and teeth Fluorescent pink Photosensitive Decreased RBC survival
58
T/F: porphyria is an autosomal dominant trait in cats resulting in anemia
False Will not result in anemia in cats
59
T/F: Porphyria in pigs does not cause photosensitization
True

RUSVM Clinical Pathology (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions