RUSVM Clinical Pathology > Acid-Base Disorders > Flashcards

Acid-Base Disorders Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

How is blood pH maintained?

A

Extracellular and intracellular buffers

Rate of alveolar ventilation

Renal excretion of H+

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2
Q

What sample would be good for evaluating acid base status?

A

Venous

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3
Q

What sample should you use to evaluate pO2 and is useful for evaluating cardiopulmonary function

A

Arterial

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4
Q

Blood grass analysis is collected in what tube?

A

Green (heparin)

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5
Q

TCO2 = _____________

A

Bicarb!!!

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6
Q

Increased blood pH

A

Alkalemia

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7
Q

Decreased blood pH

A

Acidemia

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8
Q

Is pCO2 an acid or base?

A

ACID

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9
Q

Is pCO2 is increased you have?

A

Respiratory acidosis

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10
Q

If pCO2 is decreased you have a ??

A

Respiratory alkalosis

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11
Q

Is TCO2 an acid or base?

A

BASE

TCO2=HCO3-

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12
Q

If HCO3- is increased you have

A

Metabolic alkalosis

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13
Q

If HCO3- is decreased you have??

A

Metabolic acidosis

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14
Q

If you have an increased pCO2 you have ______________ and would compensate with by __________

A

Respiratory acidosis; increased HCO3- (metabolic alkalosis)

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15
Q

If you have a decreased in HCO3- you have a _______________ and would compensate by?

A

Metabolic acidosis; decreasing PCO2 (metabolic alkalosis)

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16
Q

If you have decreased pCO2 you have a ____________ and would compensate by?

A

Respiratory alkalosis; decrease HCO3- (metabolic acidosis)

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17
Q

If you have increased HCO3- you have a _______________ and would compensate by??

A

Metabolic alkalosis; increase pCO2 (respiratory acidosis)

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18
Q

What leads to a respiratory acidosis?

A

Hypoventilation

  • anesthesia
  • diffuse pulmonary disease
  • intra-thoracic lesions
  • CNS disease
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19
Q

What leads to respiratory alkalosis ?

A

Hyperventilation

  • hypoxemia
  • pain/anxiety
  • hyperthermia
  • drugs stimulating respiratory center
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20
Q

What two mechanisms can result in a metabolic acidosis?

A

Increase ACID

Loss of BASE (bicarb)

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21
Q

Metabolic acidosis with high anion-gap, what is the cause?

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A

Increase in non-volatile acids (KLUE)

Ketone
Lactate
Uremic acids
Ethylene glycol (toxins)

22
Q

Where is BICARB lost, leading to acidosis?

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A

GI -diarrhea
Intestinal ileus
Salivation (ruminants)- choke
Urinary loss

23
Q

What is the long term compensation for metabolic acidosis?

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A

Increased renal excretion of H+

24
Q

What are the two mechanisms that result in a metabolic alkalosis?

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A

Increase in BASE

loss of ACID

25
What are causes of a hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis in monogastric animals?
Severe gastric vomiting | Pyloric outflow obstruction
26
What are causes of a hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis in ruminants?
Sequestration of fluid in abomasum - ileus - abomasal displacement
27
What are causes of excessive renal loss of H+?
Diuretics Hypokalemia -stimulate H+K+ATPase pump-> K+retention and H+secretion -> HCO3- generation Chronic respiratory acidosis
28
What is the long term compensation for a metabolic alkalosis?
Increased renal retention of H+
29
When should you look for mixed acid-base disturbances?
Animal with electrolyte disturbances Animal with a disease associated with acid-base disturbance, but has normal blood gas values Compensatory response is moving in wrong direction
30
PH (7.20-7.40) 7.1 L PCO2 (28-50) 52 H HCO3 (16-23) 20 Classify the primary acid base disorder
Respiratory acidosis
31
PH (7.20-7.40) 7.42 H PCO2 (28-50) 30 HCO3 (16-23) 28 H Classify the primary acid base disorder
Metabolic alkalosis
32
PH (7.20-7.40) 7.43 H PCO2 (28-50) 22 L HCO3 (16-23) 20 Classify the primary acid base disorder
Respiratory alkalosis
33
PH (7.20-7.40) 7.18 L PCO2 (28-50) 45 HCO3 (16-23) 12 L Classify the primary acid base disorder
Metabolic acidosis
34
PH (7.20-7.40) 7.17 L PCO2 (28-50) 25 L HCO3 (16-23) 10 L Classify the primary acid base disorder
Metabolic acidosis
35
PH (7.20-7.40) 7.17 L PCO2 (28-50) 25 L HCO3 (16-23) 10 L Classify the compensatory acid base disorder
Respiratory alkalosis (hyperventilation)
36
PH (7.20-7.40) 7.48 H PCO2 (28-50) 58 H HCO3 (16-23) 30 H Classify the primary acid base disorder
Metabolic alkalosis
37
PH (7.20-7.40) 7.48 H PCO2 (28-50)58 H HCO3 (16-23) 30 H Classify the compensatory acid base disorder
``` Respiratory acidosis (Hypoventilation) ```
38
PH (7.20-7.40) 7.14 L PCO2 (28-50) 56 H HCO3 (16-23) 10 L Classify the primary acid base disorder
Respiratory acidosis AND metabolic acidosis Mixed acid-base disorder
39
PH (7.20-7.40) 7.44 H PCO2 (28-50) 22 L HCO3 (16-23) 10 L Classify the primary acid base disorder
Respiratory alkalosis
40
How should you evaluate acid-base disturbances on a chemistry?
1. TCO2 (bicarb) - > high- selective chloride loss - > low - acidosis, check anion gap 2. Anion cap - > increase - metabolic acidosis (KLUE) 3. Selective chloride loss - > yes - metabolic alkalosis
41
``` Na (148-157) 161 H K (3.5-5.1) 4.4 Cl. (115-128). 113 L TCO2 (16-25) 30 H AG. (15-25). 19 ``` Based on TCO2, what A/B disorder is present?
Metabolic alkalosis
42
``` Na (148-157) 161 H K (3.5-5.1) 4.4 Cl. (115-128). 113 L TCO2 (16-25) 30 H AG. (15-25). 19 ``` Is there selective chloride loss?
Yes
43
``` Na (148-157) 161 H K (3.5-5.1) 4.4 Cl. (115-128). 113 L TCO2 (16-25) 30 H AG. (15-25). 19 ``` Based on AG, this there a titrational metabolic acidosis?
Nope
44
``` Na (148-157) 161 H K (3.5-5.1) 4.4 Cl. (115-128). 113 L TCO2 (16-25) 30 H AG. (15-25). 19 ``` What acid-base disturbance is this?
Metabolic alkalosis due to selective chloride loss
45
``` Na (148-157) 134 L K (3.5-5.1) 5.0 Cl. (115-128). 95 L TCO2 (16-25) 7.0 L AG. (15-25). 37 ``` Based on TCO2, what A/B disorder is present?
Metabolic acidosis
46
``` Na (148-157) 134 L K (3.5-5.1) 5.0 Cl. (115-128). 95 L TCO2 (16-25) 7.0 L AG. (15-25). 37 ``` Is there selective chloride loss?
Yes
47
``` Na (148-157) 134 L K (3.5-5.1) 5.0 Cl. (115-128). 95 L TCO2 (16-25) 7.0 L AG. (15-25). 37 ``` Based on the AG, is there a titrational metabolic acidosis?
Yes
48
``` Na (148-157) 134 L K (3.5-5.1) 5.0 Cl. (115-128). 95 L TCO2 (16-25) 7.0 L AG. (15-25). 37 ``` What acid-base disturbances are present ?
Metabolic acidosis use to increased anion gap AND Metabolic alkalosis due to selective chloride loss
49
Which clinical sign may be associated with metabolic alkalosis ? Vomiting Diarrhea Hyperventilation Hypoventilation
Vomiting
50
Which clinical sign may be associated with metabolic acidosis ? Vomiting Diarrhea Hyperventilation Hypoventilation
Diarrhea
51
Which clinical sign may be associated with respiratory alkalosis ? Vomiting Diarrhea Hyperventilation Hypoventilation
Hyperventilation
52
Which clinical sign may be associated with respiratory acidosis ? Vomiting Diarrhea Hyperventilation Hypoventilation
Hypoventilation

RUSVM Clinical Pathology (18 decks)

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