Erythrocyte Morphology

Question 1

What does it mean to have a macrocyctic anemia?

Answer 1

Regeneration -> immature cells

Mean volume of the cells is greater than the reference value

Question 2

What does it mean to have a microcytic anemia?

Answer 2

Iron deficiency

Red cells undergo more divisions than normal

Question 3

Hypochromasia is associated with??

Answer 3

Iron deficiency anemia

Question 4

Polychromasia is associated with ???

Answer 4

Recticulocytes - immature RBC

Regeneration

Question 5

If you have polychromatic cells, anemia is most likely due to??

Answer 5

Blood loss or blood destruction

Rectics= recovering marrow

Question 6

What are the speculated types of RBC?

Answer 6

Acanothocytes

Echinocytes

Keratocytes

Question 7

A RBC with numberous short spices that are all about the same length are called?

Answer 7

Echinocytes

Question 8

What are echinocytes associated with in Vivo?

Answer 8

Electrolyte imbalances

Non-specific disease (eg kidney disease)

Rattle snake envenomation

Question 9

RBCs that have a few unevenly distributed projections are called??

Answer 9

Acanothcytes

Due to changes in lipid concentration in RBC membrane

Question 10

What are acanthocytes associated with?

Answer 10

Cat- hepatic lipidosis

Dog- hemangiosarcoma

Human- liver disease

Question 11

Erythrocytes are AKA

Answer 11

Schistocytes

Question 12

What are schistocytes associated with?

Answer 12

Intravascular trauma (eg DIC or vascular tumors)

Iron deficiency anemia

Question 13

RBCS that have an vacuole or one/two long spicules

Answer 13

Keratocytes

Question 14

Keratocytes are associated with what disease

Answer 14

Iron deficiency anemia

Question 15

RBC that lacks a central pallor but has a normal volume is called? And is suggestive of what disese?

Answer 15

Spherocytes

Immune mediated hemolytic anemia

Question 16

RBCs that have a off-centered clear zone that is due to the shifting of hemoglobin to one side of the cell

Answer 16

Eccentrocytes

Question 17

Presence of eccentrocytes is associated with??

Answer 17

Oxidative damage

Eg onion ingestion
Often seen with heniz body formation

Question 18

What are “bowl” shaped cells called?

Answer 18

Leptocytes

Question 19

What are “target” shaped cells called?

Answer 19

Codocytes

Question 20

What type of cells are most common in high cholesterol or hypothyroid patients?

Answer 20

Codocytes (target cells)

Question 21

RBCs that have a mouth like clear area in the center are called___________

Answer 21

Stomatocytes

Question 22

What are stomatocytes associated with??

Answer 22

Hereditary stomatocytoiss

• Alaskan malamutes-> dwarfism
• Minature schnauzers -> not clinically sig
• Drentse parttrijshond -> GI tract abnormality

Question 23

What is a heinz body?

Answer 23

Oxidatively denatured hemoglobin

Question 24

What are causes of Heinz bodies in cats?

Answer 24

Aceptominphen
Propylene glycol
Illness- lymphoma, hyperthyroid , diabetes

Onion

Question 25

What are causes of Heinz bodies in horses

Answer 25

Phenothiazine | Whilted red maple leaves

Question 26

What are causes of Heinz body anemia in cattle

Answer 26

Kale or onion

Question 27

Cause of Heinz body anemia in sheep

Answer 27

Copper toxicosis

Question 28

What do you call an abnormal aggregation of ribosomes that appear as small basophilic granules?

Answer 28

Basophilic stippling

Question 29

T/F: basophilic stippling is normal in ruminants?

Answer 29

True

Question 30

If you see basophilic stippling in small animals you should concider??

Answer 30

Lead poisoning

Question 31

A large amount of Howell-Jolly bodies in a blood smear could be caused by ___________, but a few are normally seen in regenerative anemias or following splenectomy

Answer 31

Lead poisoning

Question 32

What is the erythroid maturation sequence?

Answer 32

Rubriblast > prorubricyte > rubricyte > metarubrictye > recticulocytes (polychromatophils) > mature RBC

Question 33

What are RBC parasites of dogs and cats?

Answer 33

Mycoplasma hemofelis Cytauxzoon felis Mycoplasma hemocanis Babesia canis and gibsoni

Question 34

What RBC parasite of dog, is usually rare and more commonly seen in spleneconmized or non-functional spleens

Answer 34

Mycoplasma hemocanis

Question 35

What RBC parasite of cattle is usually seen between RBC because they fall off the cells easily in a blood smear

Answer 35

Mycoplasma wenyoni

Question 36

Tick borne RBC parasite of cattle

Answer 36

Anaplasma marginale

Question 37

Light areas in RBC of dogs

Answer 37

Distemper viral inclusions

Question 38

Rouleaux formation in normal in what animals sp? In other animals it suggests what?

Answer 38

Horse -> normal | Small animal --> increased globulin

Question 39

What is agglutination suggestive of?

Answer 39

Attachments to RBC (eg IMHA)