anemias<3

Question 1

anemias hemolíticas

cuáles son las anemias hemolíticas intrínsecas

intrínsecas/corpusculares (congénitas)

Answer 1

• membranopatías
• defectos estructurales
• defectos de la permeabilidad de la membrana
• eritroenzimopatías
• hemoglobinopatías
• anemias diseritropoyéticas congénitas

Question 2

anemias hemolíticas

cuáles son las anemias hemolíticas extrínsecas

extrínsecas/extracorpusculares (adquiridas)

Answer 2

• inmune
• no inmune

Question 3

anemias hemolíticas intrínsecas

anemias de defectos estructurales

membranopatías

Answer 3

• esferocitosis hereditaria
• eliptocitosis hereditaria

Question 4

anemias hemolíticas intrínsecas (congénitas)

anemias hemolíticas de defectos de la permeabilidad d la membrana

membranopatías

Answer 4

• estomatocitosis hereditaria
• xerocitosis hereditaria

Question 5

anemias hemolíticas intrínsecas (congénitas)

anemias hemolíticas eritroenzimopatías

Answer 5

• déficit de glucosa-6-fosfato deshidrogenasa
• déficit de piruvato cinasa
• glucosa fosfato isomerasa
• fosfofructocinasa
• hexocinasa

Question 6

anemias hemolíticas intrínsecas (congénitas)

anemias hemolíticas hemoglobinopatías

Answer 6

• síndromes talasémicos
• hemoglobinas anómalas

Question 7

anemias hemolíticas extrínsecas

anemias hemolíticas de tipo inmune

adquiridas

Answer 7

• autoinmune (anticuerpos calientes o fríos)
• aloinmune
• medicamentoso

Question 8

anemias hemolíticas extrínsecas (adquiridas)

anemias hemolíticas no inmunes

Answer 8

• microangiopatías
• hemoglobinuria paroxística nocturna
• mecánica: agentes físicos, químicos e infecciones

Question 9

anemias microcíticas

anemia microcítica hereditaria

Answer 9

1. thalassemia
2. X-linked and sideroblastic anemias
3. hereditary hypotransferrinemia
4. hereditary aceruloplasminemia
5. erythropoietic protoporphyria
6. iron-refractory iron deficiency anemia
7. pathogenic variants in SLC11A2

Question 10

anemia microcítica

anemia microcítica adquirida

Answer 10

1. lead poisoning
2. zinc deficiency
3. copper deficiency
4. alcohol
5. certain drugs

Question 11

causas de anemia microcítica

Answer 11

1. IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA
2. lead poisoning
3. anemia of chronic disease (late phase)
4. sideroblastic anemia
5. defective globin chain: thalassemia

Question 12

microcytic anemias

pathology of chronic inflammation associated anemia

Answer 12

• cytokines (IFNy & TNFa) INHIBIT production of erythropoietin in kidney –> NO RBC PRODUCTION
• TNFa promotes RBC degradation by expression of DMT1 that is sequestring iron
• IL-6 stimulates Hepsadin production –> blocks iron absorption by ferroportin in small intestine

Question 13

microcytic anemias

labs of anemia of chronic disease

Answer 13

serum iron: LOW
TIBC: LOW
ferritin: HIGH

Question 14

macrocytic anemia

most common causes of macrocytic megaloblastic anemias

Answer 14

• vitamin B12 deficiency
• folate deficiency
• fanconi anemia
• orotic aciduria

Question 15

macrocytic anemia

nonmegaloblastic anemias could be caused by…

Answer 15

1. liver disease
2. chronic alcohol overuse
3. hypothyroidism
4. reticulocytosis

NO DNA IMPAIRMENT SYNTHESIS OCCURS

Question 16

macrocytic anemias - hemolytic

agents that may cause G6PD deficiency related anemia

Answer 16

1. infections or other acute illnesses
2. antimalarials
3. sulphonamides and sulphones
4. antibacterial agents
5. analgesics
6. antihelminths
7. vitamin K analogues
8. napthalene
9. probenecid
10. fava beans