stomach

Question 1

What is a common type of stomach polyp?

Answer 1

Adenomatous polyp.

Question 2

Fill in the blank: The histological feature of chronic gastritis includes ________ of the gastric mucosa.

Answer 2

lymphocyte infiltration.

Question 3

What type of gastritis is associated with autoimmune conditions?

Answer 3

Autoimmune gastritis.

Question 4

Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a cause of gastritis? A) NSAIDs B) Alcohol C) Vitamin C deficiency

Answer 4

C) Vitamin C deficiency.

Question 5

What is the gross appearance of hyperplastic polyps?

Answer 5

They appear as raised, often lobulated lesions.

Question 6

True or False: Gastric polyps are always malignant.

Answer 6

False.

Question 7

What histological feature is characteristic of fundic gland polyps?

Answer 7

Cystically dilated glands lined by parietal and chief cells.

Question 8

Fill in the blank: The presence of intestinal metaplasia in the stomach is often associated with ________.

Answer 8

chronic gastritis.

Question 9

What type of polyp is most commonly associated with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)?

Answer 9

Adenomatous polyp.

Question 10

Multiple choice: Which type of gastritis is characterized by the presence of H. pylori? A) Acute gastritis B) Chronic gastritis C) Both A and B

Answer 10

C) Both A and B.

Question 11

What is the primary symptom of gastritis?

Answer 11

Abdominal pain.

Question 12

True or False: The presence of dysplasia in gastric polyps indicates a higher risk of cancer.

Answer 12

True.

Question 13

Fill in the blank: The histologic examination of a gastric polyp can reveal ________.

Answer 13

cellular atypia.

Question 14

What is a common treatment for gastritis caused by H. pylori?

Answer 14

Antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors.

Question 15

Multiple choice: Which of the following is a risk factor for gastric cancer? A) Chronic gastritis B) High salt diet C) Both A and B

Answer 15

C) Both A and B.

Question 16

What is the significance of finding dysplastic changes in gastric polyps?

Answer 16

It indicates potential progression to malignancy.

Question 17

What imaging technique is commonly used to diagnose gastric polyps?

Answer 17

Endoscopy.

Question 18

Fill in the blank: The main histological feature of acute gastritis is ________ infiltration.

Answer 18

neutrophilic.

Question 19

What type of stomach polyp is often associated with chronic inflammation?

Answer 19

Hyperplastic polyp.

Question 20

Multiple choice: Which of the following can cause acute gastritis? A) Stress B) Bacterial infection C) Both A and B

Answer 20

C) Both A and B.

Question 21

What is the role of proton pump inhibitors in the management of gastritis?

Answer 21

They reduce stomach acid production.

Question 22

severe cases of gastropathy

Answer 22

mucosal erosion, ulceration, hemorrhage, hematemesis, melena, massive blood loss

Question 23

histology of mild acute gastritis

Answer 23

• lamina propria with moderate edema and slight vascular congestion
• surface epithelium is intact, foveolar cell hyperplasia
• corkscrew profiles and epithelial proliferation present

Question 24

what signifies active inflammation (gastritis)

Answer 24

presence of neutrophils above the basement membrane in contact with epithelial cells

Question 25

epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting or asymptomatic

Answer 25

gastropathy

Question 26

dyspepsia, postprandial fullness, early satiety, bloating typical: **epigastric tenderness without peritoneal signs **,

Answer 26

gastritis | *peritoneal signs raise suspicion for complication of gastritis

Question 27

atypical symptoms of gastritis

Answer 27

* unintentional weight loss * progressive dysphagia * red flags for gastritis

Question 28

red flags for dyspepsia

Answer 28

* >60 years * family history of gastrointestinal malignancy * unintentional weight loss * anorexia * dysphagia * odynophagia * persistent vomiting * gastrointestinal bleeding (unexplained iron deficiency anemia, melena)

Question 29

infectious granulomatous gastritis

Answer 29

* tuberculosis * syphilis * whipple disease * histoplasmosis * anisakiasis

Question 30

noninfectious granulomatous gastritis

Answer 30

* crohn disease * sarcoidosis * granulomatosis with polyangitis * foreign body

Question 31

symptoms of chronic gastritis

Answer 31

* nausea * upper abdominal pain with vomiting

Question 32

causes of chronic gastritis

Answer 32

*** H. pylori infection *** autoimmune gastritis * radiation injury * chronic bile reflux * crohn disease * amyloidosis * mechanical injury * GVHD

Question 33

superficial mucus overlying epithelial cells in surface and neck regions

Answer 33

helicobacter pylori gastritis

Question 34

lymphoid aggegates with germinal centers present | potential to transform into lymphoma

Answer 34

helicobacter pylori gastritis

Question 34

usually solitary polyp, commonly found in gastric antrum

Answer 34

hyerplastic polyps

Question 35

associated with autoimmune type gastritis, H. pylori gastritis, postsurgery and bile reflux disease

Answer 35

hyperplastic polyps | *dysplasia more likely when >1 cm

Question 36

most common encountered form of gastric polyps

Answer 36

fundic gland

Question 37

benign cystic hyperplastic proliferation of oxyntic gland | alterations in APC beta catenin pathway in sporadic & syndromic cases ## Footnote mutations in DNA repair gene MUTYH

Answer 37

fundic gland polyp

Question 38

histologic description of fundic gland polyp

Answer 38

* cystically dilated glands lined by chief cells, parietal cells and mucinous foveolar cells * hyperplastic parietal cells with apocrine snouting in relation to PPIs

Question 39

dysplasia may occur in ____-associated fundic gland polyps

Answer 39

FAP

Question 40

most gastric adenomas develop in a background of...

Answer 40

chronic gastritis with atrophy and intestinal metaplasia with exception of associated with germline mutations in APC or MUTYH

Question 41

all GI adenomas exhibit....

Answer 41

dysplasia

Question 42

features of dysplasia

Answer 42

* nuclear enlargement * elongation * pseudostratification * hyperchromasia

Question 43

high-grade dysplasia

Answer 43

severe cytologic atypia and architectural abnormalities, including glandular budding and gland-within-gland or cribiform pattern

Question 44

histologic description of intestinal type of gastric adenomas

Answer 44

* polypoid dysplastic columnar epithelium and tubules with varying degress of paneth and goblet cells (intestinal differentiation) * hyprchromatic elongated nuclei, similar in colon tubular adenoma * background mucosa may exhibit chronic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia * lacks apical mucin caps

Question 45

signs of metastatic disease in gastric adenocarcinoma

Answer 45

* hepatomegaly * ascites * left supraclavicular adenopathy (virchow) * palpable umbilical nodule (sister mary joseph node) * palpable mass on digital rectal examination (blumer shelf) * ovarian mass (krukenberg tumor)