Anesthesia Technique

Question 1

Serum Profile

Answer 1

1. Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
2. Creatinine
   * production of muscle breakdown
   * kidney’s filter

Kidney Evaluation

Question 2

Goal of Anesthesia

Answer 2

• Depress area of conscious thought (cerebral cortex)
• Medulla remains funcational - contains vital centers for heart and respiration

Question 3

Theories of General Anesthesia

Answer 3

• Exact mechanism of action unknown
• Suggests enzyme system in CNS blocked*

*blocks passage of impulses

Question 4

Basic Philosphy of Anesthesia

Answer 4

• There are no safe anesthetics - only safe anesthetists
• It is, at best, controlled poisoning

Question 5

General Anesthesia

Answer 5

State of unconsciousness and inability to feel pain

Question 6

Sedation

Answer 6

State of calm or drowsiness

Question 7

Tranquilization

Answer 7

State of relaxation and reduced anxiety

Question 8

Neuroleptanalgesia

Answer 8

Profound sedation
* produced by the administration of an opioid and tranquilizer

Question 9

Analgesia

Answer 9

Relief from pain

Question 10

Anesthesia Lab Tests

Answer 10

Healthy; Under 6 years
* WBC, RBC
* PCV, TP
* BUN
* BG
* requires 1 mL or less

Signs of disease; Over 6 years
* all of the above
* CBC

Question 11

Liver Evaluations

Answer 11

Liver enzymes are proteins that speed metabolism functions
* Measure: ALT, ALP, GGT

Question 12

ALT

Answer 12

Elevations indicate liver cell damage

Question 13

ALP and GGT

Answer 13

Elevations indicate failure of bile flow in liver

Question 14

Clotting Tests

Answer 14

Done by a buccal mucosal bleeding test
* Dog: 2-4 min
* Cat: 1.5-2.5 min

Question 15

Pulse Deficit

Answer 15

Hearing a heart beat but not feeling a pulse

Question 16

Anesthetic Physical Status

APS 1-2

Answer 16

APS 1
* normal patient
* elective surgery

APS 2
* slight to moderate systemic disease
* obesity
* dehydration
* skin tumor

Question 17

Body Type vs Anesthesia

Propofol

Answer 17

• Use with very lean animals
• Rapidly metabolized by liver
• Redistribution to body fat not critical in recovery

Question 18

Body Type vs Anesthesia

Barbiturate

Answer 18

Lean animals = less amount needed
* less fat for redistribution from CNS
* extended anesthesia time
* over-depressed with recovery

Question 19

Metabolism vs Anesthetic Drugs

Answer 19

Slow metabolic rate = Smaller amount of drug
(vice versa)

Question 20

Anesthesia with Young Pets

Answer 20

Require less of an anesthetic (immature liver function)
* Avoid Ace due to prolonged effects

Question 21

Anesthetic Physical Status

APS 5

Answer 21

• Morbid state
• May die with or without treatment
• Severe trauma / shock
• End-stage organ failure

Question 22

IV Fluids

Answer 22

Lactated Ringers
* balanced electrolyte solution

2.5% Dextrose
* put in 1/2 strength saline
* good for risk of hypoglycemia

Question 23

Anesthesia with Heart Conditions

Answer 23

• Use isoflurane
• Pre-oxygenate for 5 minutes - reduces risk of cardiac arrhythmia and hypoxia

Question 24

Anesthetic Physical Status

APS 4

Answer 24

• Severe systemic condition / disease
• Could lead to death
  Ex: ruptured bladder, internal hemorrhage, pyometra

Question 25

Anesthetic Physical Status

APS 3

Answer 25

• Major systemic condition
• Not incapacitating
  Ex: heart murmur, anemia, major organ disease