Angiosperms

Question 1

What are the varieties of primrose morph resulting in self-inconpatibility?

Answer 1

Pin and thrum (only seed when 2 varieties crossed)

Question 2

What are sexual polymorphisms?

Answer 2

the presence of several discrete heritable variants that co-exist within local populations, and which are subject to selection pressures arising from classical sexual selection

Question 3

What is dioecy?

Answer 3

a characteristic of a species, meaning that it has distinct male and female individual organisms. Dioecious reproduction is biparental reproduction.

Question 4

What is gynodioecy?

Answer 4

Gynodioecy is the evolutionary intermediate stage between hermaphroditism (exhibiting both female and male parts) and dioecy (having two distinct morphs: male and female).

Question 5

What is agamospermy?

Answer 5

Agamospermy is the asexual production of seeds and embryos without fertilization or meiosis. = CLONAL

Question 6

What is autogamy?

Answer 6

self-fertilization

Question 7

What is panmixis?

Answer 7

random mating

Question 8

What is apomixis?

Answer 8

apomixis is asexual reproduction without fertilization

Question 9

What is Dichogamy?

Answer 9

temporal separation of sexual organs

Question 10

What is Herkogamy?

Answer 10

Spacial separation of sexual organs

Question 11

What is the heteromophic S-locus?

Answer 11

‘SUPERGENE’ controls SI and morphological characters

Question 12

Genetic consequence of selfing?

Answer 12

Alunt of genetically determined variation will deecline over time

Question 13

Advantage and disadvantage of agamospermy

Answer 13

\+ reproductive assurance
\+ fixes well-adapted genotypes
- narrow niche tolerance
- evolutionary DEADEND
-Mullers Ratchet ( cant escape bad mutations)

Question 14

What is secondary thickening?

Answer 14

The formation of new tissue by the repeated lateral division of cells in the cambium of a woody plant, adding successive layers of new growth

Question 15

What is apocarpy?

Answer 15

the female reproductive organs (carpels) of a flower are not joined to each other. It occurs, for example, in the buttercup

Question 16

What is a dehiscent fruit?

Answer 16

characterized by splitting or bursting open.

Question 17

What is entomophily?

Answer 17

pollen of plants, especially but not only of flowering plants, is distributed by insects

Question 18

What is synapomorphy?

Answer 18

a characteristic present in an ancestral species and shared exclusively (in more or less modified form) by its evolutionary descendants.

Question 19

What is paedomorphosis?

Answer 19

retaining juvenile features as an adult.

Question 20

Benefit of paedomorphosis in angiosperms?

Answer 20

faster life cycles

Question 21

3 key innovations of south african ice plant clade Aizoaceae

Answer 21

1- wide band tracheiods
2- cylindrical leaves
3- hygrochastic capsules (fruit only open and release seeds when moist)

Question 22

What is synnovation?

Answer 22

combination of diff. innovations drives diversifications

Question 23

Key confluence of Bromeliads (epiphytes)?

Answer 23

Synnovation of epiphytism (+associated tank habit) and entangled seeds, sticky seeds, sucking seeds.

Question 24

What is a bitegmic ovule?

Answer 24

having two integuments

Question 25

What is the difference between monosulcate and trisulcate pollen apertures?

Answer 25

When there is only one polar furrow, the pollen is called monosulcate . When three apertures are present, the pollen is named trisulcate

Question 26

What is paleobacterial redux

Answer 26

revisiting the age of the angiosperms

Question 27

What is angiosperms closest sister group?

Answer 27

Gnetales

Question 28

What is the name of the paraphyletic grade at the base of angiosperms?

Answer 28

ANITA

Question 29

What is a gentale?

Answer 29

extant gymnosperm which is functionally dioecious

Question 30

Why was the discovery of the archaefructus important?

Answer 30

a late Jurassic angiosperm? small aquatic plant with seeds in a carpel- disputed angiosperms appearing in Cretaceous

Question 31

Name 3 plant types contained within dicotyledons

Answer 31

daisies, buttercups, cacti, legumes, water lily

Question 32

Name 3 flower types found within monocotyledons

Answer 32

grass, sedges, petaloid monocots; orchid, tulip, palm tree

Question 33

What is a dicotyledon?

Answer 33

a flowering plant with an embryo that bears two cotyledons (seed leaves)

Question 34

What is a monocotyledon?

Answer 34

flowering plant with an embryo that bears a single cotyledon (seed leaf)