Angiosperms 2 Flashcards
(35 cards)
appearance of
angiosperms an
‘abominable
mystery. what are some things they developed
Flowers, seeds enclosed in a
carpel, double fertilization,
(secondary growth, pollen)
Early flower features
Sepals and petals looked similar if
they were even present (= tepals)
* Stamens lack filaments and may
be fleshy
* Leaf-like carpels with no stigmas
* Separate carpels (no connation)
* Indeterminate numbers of
petals/stamens/sepals
* Actinomorphic (radial) symmetry
97% of angiosperms are ___, the
other 3% have archaic features = basal angiosperms
monocots and eudicots, basal angiosperms
archaic features
Wood composed of tracheids
only
No fused floral organs
Plicate/folded carpel with an
opening
___ is the sister group to all angiosperms
Amborella
All angiosperms originated with a
___
complete genome duplication!
The ___ were the first to diverge
within the Mesangiospermae
magnoliids
magnolias Flowers are protogynous –
___
stigma are receptive before
the pollen sheds
Basal monocots
Sword shaped leaves
* Many with aquatic habitats
Araceae, or the Arum family, have unique
inflorescences with a
spadix and spathe
Grass (Poaceae) inflorescences are composed of
units called ___ composed of
spikelets, 3 or 4 flowers
The Orchids (family Orchidaceae) are the
most specialized example of ___ flowers. they are ___
monocot, Zygomorphic
Orchid pollination is highly specialized
One stamen
typically present,
fused to the
style/stigma =
column
* The entire
contents of the
anther are
dispersed as a
unit = pollenium
Basal eudicots – Ranunculaceae – sister to all
other eudicots. examples
- Buttercup, poppy, anemone
The Composites (family Asteraceae) are the
most specialized example of eudicot flowers
head
The composite inflorescences are composed of ___
flowers in the center and ___ flowers around the edges
disk, ray
the composite inflorescences - each of the tiny flowers has an
___ ovary composed of ___s with a ____ ovule in
___ locule
inferior, two
fused carpels, single, one
the composite inflorescences - Flowers mature over a period of
days, making it likely to be pollinated
by many pollinators
period
The earliest seed plants were pollinated by ___
wind
____ pollination evolved in some gymnosperms, where beetles are
attracted by abundant pollen and aid in dispersal, but ovules would
sometimes be ___
Insect, eaten
he evolution of bisexual flowers with enclosed ovules offered a selective advantage
selective advantage
Animals serve as the primary agents of floral
evolution. Helps facilitate mating in the absence of ____
movement
Flowers attract insects and other animals and may provide a reward of food which is
(nectar and/or pollen)
Scent attracts
beetles and flies
