Angiosperms Flashcards
Where do flowering plants bear seeds?
within an ovary (fruit)
what does the radiation of angiosperms mark?
the transition from the mesozoic to the cenozoic era
what is the name of the female reproductive part and what does it consist of?
carpel/ pistil and consists of stigma or style leading to the ovary at the base
what is the name of the male reproductive part and what does it consist of?
stamen consisting of filament and anther
what is the job of the fruit?
protecting dormant seeds and aiding in their dispersal
when did angiosperms arise?
early cretaceous
what are the 2 main clades making up 98% of angiosperms?
eudicots and monocots
how many cotyledons do monocots and eudicots have and what are they?
monocots=1
eudicots = 2
they are seed leaves
what is the difference between monocot and eudicot veins?
monocots = parallel eudicots = net
what is the difference between monocot and eudicot stomata?
monocot = in lines equal in both surfaces - good control live in drier places eudicots = scattered - not so good at controlling water balance
what is the difference between monocot and eudicot stem vasculature?
monocots = in bundles throughout stem eudicots = continuous ring near surface
where is the cambium present?
only in eudicots meaning they can grow bigger
what is the difference between monocot and eudicot roots?
monocots= fibrous eudicots = tap root - stronger
what is the difference between monocot and eudicot flower structure?
monocots = multiples of 3 parts eudicots = 4 or 5 parts
what is the difference between monocot and eudicot pollen grains?
monocots = 1 single pore eudicots = 3 pores
which seeds are better in favourable and stressful environments?
small seeds and lots of them in favourable environments and few large seeds with lots of resources in stressful environments
what are the 6 things which determine seed size?
1) size of parent
2) form of parent
3) dispersal mode
4) environment
5) predation risk
6) lifestyle
what are 3 features of island seeds so they don’t end up in the sea?
1) bigger
2) heavier
3) harder to disperse eg reduced mechanisms for wind dispersal
which are the hormones which promote and break dormancy?
auxin promotes and gibberellins break
what are the 4 advantages of seed dispersal?
1) avoid competition with kin
2) avoid interbreeding
3) exploit new habitats
4) relationships with animals and environment
what is anemochory?
dispersal by wind
what is hydrochory?
dispersal by water
what are the 3 different zoochory dispersals by animals?
1) endozoochory - in the animal
2) epizoochory - on the animals
3) synzoochory - deliberate moving of the seed
what is the equation for seed fitness?
fitness = number x survival
