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Flashcards in Animal biodiversity - primates Deck (22)
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1
Q

what does the dental structure of primates suggest?

A

ancestor was a small cretaceous insectivore

2
Q

3 adaptations of primates for climbing?

A

1) supple shoulder joints
2) hands with nails
3) sensitive finger and thumb

3
Q

describe the eyes of primates?

A

front facing with binocular vision

4
Q

describe the diet of primates and their teeth

A

omnivorous diet so teeth lack specialisation

5
Q

which species are in the promision ( pre monkeys) group?

A

1) lemurs

2) tarsier

6
Q

what are the 3 groups within the monophyletic anthropoid order?

A

1) monkeys
2) apes
3) hominids

7
Q

3 adaptations to anthropoids

A

1) better developed vision than smell
2) large brain
3) well developed tactile sense of digits

8
Q

what is platyrrhini and catarrhini?

A

new world and old world monkeys separating anthropoids into 2

9
Q

3 features of pongidae (apes)

A

1) lack tail
2) upright posture
3) well developed social structure

10
Q

5 human specialisations

A

1) prolonged natal care
2) well developed brain and behaviour (speech)
3) completely upright posture
4) large cranial capacity
5) strong thumb and finger tips allowing precise grip

11
Q

describe 2 changes in skull modifications in humans

A

1) enlarged frontal region giving high forehead

2) shortening of snout and face

12
Q

3 change in jaw structure in humans

A

1) shortened teeth and reduction in canines
2) reduction in jaw bone but development of chin
3) reduction in jaw muscles

13
Q

what are the 3 human fossils?

A

1) Australopithecus
2) homo habilis
3) homo erectus

14
Q

3 features of homo erectus making them more developed than australopithecus and homo habilis

A

1) larger brains
2) migrated out of africa for hunting large game
3) capable of adapting to colder climate outside Africa

15
Q

where were Homo sapiens neanderthalis found?

A

europe, middle east, parts of Asia

16
Q

what were Homo sapiens neanderthalis capable of?

A

tool making, burying the dead, cultural rituals

17
Q

what are the 2 models for the Origin of modern H. sapiens

A

1) multi regional

2) out of Africa

18
Q

what is the multi regional model?

A

h. sapiens evolved in parallel in different parts of the world, neanderthals evolved into h. sapiens

19
Q

what is the out of Africa model?

A
  • modern sapiens evolved from H. erectus ancestor in Africa then spread out
  • outcompeted neanderthals and other hominids
20
Q

evidence for multi regional model?

A

distribution of H. erectus and Neanderthal fossils

21
Q

5 pieces of evidence for out of Africa model?

A
  • long coexistence of H. erectus and sapiens in some places
  • only African fossils show full transition of types
  • mtDNA suggests African ancestor 200kya
  • greater genetic diversity in African humans
  • DNA from Neanderthal remains in Europe genetically very different from modern European sapiens
22
Q

what are the 3 main stages of cultural evolution?

A

1) 2.5 mya cooperative hunting and division of labour (tribes)
2) 15 kya agricultural revolution – cities
3) c18 industrial revolution