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BIO EXAM TERM 2 > Animal 5 > Flashcards

Animal 5 Flashcards

1
Q

diffusion is only rapid over ___ distances

A

short

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2
Q

circulatory system uses ___ transport. Because it is an effective way to move more material over longer distances in a short period of time

A

bulk

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3
Q

circulatory fluid in an open system

A

hemolymp

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4
Q

circulatory fluid in a closed system

A

blood

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5
Q

double circulation

A 
pulmonary circuit (one circuit: away from heart, to lungs, back to heart)
systemic circuit
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6
Q

all capillaries other than pulmonary/lung capillaries; where oxygenated blood is delivered

A

systemic capillaries

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7
Q

vessels that bring blood to heart

A

veins

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8
Q

brings oxygenated blood to the heart

A

pulmonary vein

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9
Q

brings deoxygenated blood to the heart

A

vena cava

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10
Q

Vessels that carry blood away from the heart

A

arteries

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11
Q

carries oxygenated blood away from the heart

A

aorta

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12
Q

carries deoxygenated blood away from the heart, to the lungs

A

pulmonary artery

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13
Q

the two smaller chambers of the heart; right and left

A

atria

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14
Q

the two larger chambers of the heart; right and left

A

ventricles

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15
Q

separate the atria from ventricles; have to be pushed open for blood to move from atria into the ventricles

A

atrioventricular valves

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16
Q

pressure in ventricles pushes these open so blood can move out of ventricles and into arteries

A

semi lunar valves

17
Q

composed of cardiac muscle tissue and the thicker they are, the greater strength of contraction

A

walls of the heart

18
Q

_____ have thicker walls than atria

A

ventricles have thicker walls than atria
ventricles have thicker walls than atria
atria only need to force blood into ventricles (not very far) so don’t need to be very strong
when ventricles contract, they have to push blood out arteries to go to lungs or to capillaries throughout rest of body
Need to have thicker layers of muscle to generate force

19
Q

smaller branched vessels coming from arteries

A

arterioles

20
Q

smallest branched vessels

A

capillaries

21
Q

bramnches vessels coming from veins

A

venules

22
Q

: connective tissue, smooth muscle layer, and endothelial

A

venules and arterioles have the 3 layers

23
Q

SMALLEST VESSELS WITH SINGLE LAYER OF ENDOTHELIAL

A

cappilaries

24
Q

vein and artery differences

A

The differences
the Connective tissue and smooth muscle layers of the arteries are much thicker than those layers of the veins
arteries are under greater pressure than veins
heart pressurizes the blood which moves directly into arteries (the veins are later in the system, and are therefore under less pressure)
there are thicker layers of smooth muscle and connective tissue on arteries so they are more elastic and can withstand more pressure

25
Q

takes oxygenated blood away from heart, gives oxygen and nutrients to organs, brings back deoxygenated blood to heart

A

systemic circuit

26
Q

why do veins have valves but arteries do not

A

Veins are under low pressure, and are trying to move blood against gravity so it’s important for veins to have valves preventing backflow

arteries don’t have valves

27
Q

muscles that when it contracts it closes an opening, relaxed the opening is open

A

precapillary sphincters

when sphincters are relaxed, blood is able to flow through capillary bed. Blood is able to exchange material with cells surrounding capillary bed

if cells in this area don’t have high priority for exchanging materials, the sphincters will contract and close the opening so that blood can’t flow through capillary bed

instead, the blood flows through a “thoroughfare channel”
no exchange of material between blood in capillary bed and cells surrounding capillary bed

28
Q

only 5-10% body’s capillaries have blood flowing through them

A

capillary bed

29
Q

90% of is water

10% ions, proteins, wastes

A

plasma

30
Q

cell components of blood

A

majority of cells are red blood cells whose function is to transport O2
some white blood cells: part of immune system
platelets: cell fragments that function in blood clotting

31
Q

human air pathway

A

mouth/nose→ pharynx→ trachea→ right/left bronchi→ bronchioles→ terminal bronchioles which ends in terminal sac (alveoli)

32
Q

protein that binds oxygen inside red blood cells

A

hemoglobin

33
Q

bags of hemoglobin; got rid of organelles when they matured to make room to pack more hemoglobin molecules

A

red blood cells

34
Q

_____hemoglobin can carry ___ oxygen molecules

A

1; 4

35
Q

how is CO2 transported in the bloodÉ

A

How is CO2 Transported?
can dissolve in plasma portion
can travel bound to amino acids on hemoglobin DOES NOT COMPETE WITH O2 FOR OXYGEN BINDING CELLS
majorite travels as bicarbonate

BIO EXAM TERM 2 (11 decks)

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