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BIO EXAM TERM 2 > Eco lecture 3 > Flashcards

Eco lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what charcateristics are aquatic biomes usually divided with?

A

characteristics of salinity

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2
Q

benthic level

A

bottom os all aquatic biomes

  • sand, nutrients
  • organisms
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3
Q

dead organic matter that is a major source of food for benthic species; “rains” down from productive surface waters of photic zone

A

detritus

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4
Q

pelagic zone

A

open water

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5
Q

narrow abrupt layer of temperature change in oceans and most lakes

A

thermocline

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6
Q

semiannual mixing of waters as a result of changing temperature profiles

A

turnovers

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7
Q

upper layer above the thermocline: _____

A

photic zone

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8
Q

photic zone characteristics?

A

light penetration

  • photosynthesis
  • oxygen
  • nutrient depletion
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9
Q

characteristics of water below thermocline?

A
  • cold
  • oxygen depletion
  • nutrient rich
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10
Q

seasonal turnover in the summer–» fall

A

air temp drops, surface becomes colder than bottom, wind blows
turnover of water
- oxygen cycles to bottom
- nutrients cycles to top

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11
Q

season;la turnover from fall–> winter

A

nothing

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12
Q

seasonal turnover from winter–> spring

A

air warms–> ice melts
warm water rises to the top
- turnover
- mix of oxygen and nutrients once again

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13
Q

seasonal turnover from spring–> summer

A

nothing

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14
Q

biome part of time exposed to air, other time covered by water
tide

A

inter tidal biome

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15
Q 
- species A has negative 
   effect on Species B
- species B has negative 
   effect on Species A
- neither benefits
A

competition

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16
Q

Species A has positive effect on Species B
Species B has positive effect on Species A
both benefit

A

mutualism

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17
Q

Species A has positive effect on Species B
Species B has negative effect on Species A
only one benefits

A

parasitism

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18
Q

Species A has positive effect on Species B
Species B has no effect on Species A
one benefits, other has no benefit and no cost

A

commensalism

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19
Q

what is indicated when species are very crowded

A

lots of competition

20
Q

what is criteria in order for competition to be present?

A

resource in short supply(the use of the resource by one species effects the resource usage for another species)

21
Q

competition for resource causes what for the population growth?

A

slower population growth

22
Q

what are barnacles most closely related to?

  • mussels
  • lobsters
  • earthworms
  • jellyfish
A

lobsters

- barnacles are CRUSTACEANS

23
Q

where does fertilization take place for barnacles?why?

A

internally

- stuck in one spot on rock

24
Q

Where do barnacle larvae develop?

A

open water while feeding

25
Q

small barnacles are called:

A

chthamalus

26
Q

large barnacles are called:

A

balanus

27
Q

are balanus or chthalamus found higher up on rocks?

A

chthalamus

28
Q

did chthalamus exist in both plots, above and below, when balanus was scraped off? why?

A

no, only balanus remained below

balanus overgrew the chthalamus

29
Q

did balanus exist in both higher and lower plots once everything was scraped off? why?

A

no, only in lower plot

physical environment wasn’t good for them –> oxygen seal

30
Q

ecological position in a community

- the range of conditions in which the species could be found

A

niche

31
Q

niche occupied in nature/ real world

A

realized niche

32
Q

niche with range of physical conditions that allow the species to survive and reproduce

A

fundamental niche

33
Q

difference in fundamental and realized niche for balanus?

A

not very different

  • -> could not survive in higher
  • did not occupy higher
34
Q

difference in fundamental and realized niche for chthalamus?

A

very different

  • could survive in both
  • only lived in higher because of interspecies competition
35
Q

better competitor of one resource of two species will eliminate the other over time

A

competitive exclusion principle

36
Q

what is located along the coasts of continents and near-shore areas of islands (all shallow water)

A

coral reefs

37
Q

what is made up of calcium carbonate

A

coral reefs

38
Q

two species living together in direct physical contact

A

symbiosis

39
Q

photosynthetic protists in an symbiotic relationship with coral

A

zooxanthellae

40
Q

the reason behind the symbiotic relationship b/w zooxanthellae and coral?

A

mutualistic

  • zooxantheale got CO2 and N from coral as well as protection
  • coral used zooxanthealle for carbs in their nutrient deficient environment
41
Q

what began competing with coral for space after disturbances?

A

macro algae

42
Q

what and when were ___ and ___ main herbivores around coral reefs?

A
  • parrot fish first then over fishing

- sea urchins

43
Q

what happened to the sea urchins in the coral reefs? consequence?

A

killed off by disease

now no herbivore to keep macro algae at bay

44
Q

why were some reefs becoming macro algae grown and others not? pattern?

A

reefs with more fish weren’t as overrun with macro algae because fish ate the macro algae but didn’t eat the coral

45
Q

a local effect that enhanced macro algae growth?

A

high nutrient level inputs

  • corals had adapted to living with nutrients so didn’t really help them
  • macro algae had not adapted, so increased nutrients increased their growth a lot
46
Q

what was the effect of warm water temperatures on corals? (rise a few degrees)

A

they died as they expelled their zooanthealle BECAUSE ZOOXANTHEALLE AREN’T AS PRODUCTIVE
- CORAL ARE DUMB

47
Q

WHY IS IT GOOD TO HAVING SEEMINGLY REDUNDANT SEVERAL SPECIES THAT GAVE THE SAME ROLES IN COMMUNITIES

A

MORE RESILIENCE AGAINST DISTURBANCE

BIO EXAM TERM 2 (11 decks)

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