bottom os all aquatic biomes - sand, nutrients - organisms

Eco lecture 3 Flashcards by Ainsley Lloyd

what charcateristics are aquatic biomes usually divided with?

characteristics of salinity

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benthic level

bottom os all aquatic biomes

sand, nutrients
organisms

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dead organic matter that is a major source of food for benthic species; “rains” down from productive surface waters of photic zone

detritus

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pelagic zone

open water

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narrow abrupt layer of temperature change in oceans and most lakes

thermocline

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semiannual mixing of waters as a result of changing temperature profiles

turnovers

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upper layer above the thermocline: _____

photic zone

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photic zone characteristics?

light penetration

photosynthesis
oxygen
nutrient depletion

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characteristics of water below thermocline?

cold
oxygen depletion
nutrient rich

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seasonal turnover in the summer–» fall

air temp drops, surface becomes colder than bottom, wind blows
turnover of water
- oxygen cycles to bottom
- nutrients cycles to top

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season;la turnover from fall–> winter

nothing

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seasonal turnover from winter–> spring

air warms–> ice melts
warm water rises to the top
- turnover
- mix of oxygen and nutrients once again

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seasonal turnover from spring–> summer

nothing

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biome part of time exposed to air, other time covered by water
tide

inter tidal biome

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- species A has negative 
   effect on Species B
- species B has negative 
   effect on Species A
- neither benefits

competition

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Species A has positive effect on Species B
Species B has positive effect on Species A
both benefit

mutualism

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Species A has positive effect on Species B
Species B has negative effect on Species A
only one benefits

parasitism

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Species A has positive effect on Species B
Species B has no effect on Species A
one benefits, other has no benefit and no cost

commensalism

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what is indicated when species are very crowded

lots of competition

what is criteria in order for competition to be present?

resource in short supply(the use of the resource by one species effects the resource usage for another species)

competition for resource causes what for the population growth?

slower population growth

what are barnacles most closely related to?

mussels
lobsters
earthworms
jellyfish

lobsters

- barnacles are CRUSTACEANS

where does fertilization take place for barnacles?why?

internally

- stuck in one spot on rock

Where do barnacle larvae develop?

open water while feeding

small barnacles are called:

chthamalus

large barnacles are called:

balanus

are balanus or chthalamus found higher up on rocks?

chthalamus

did chthalamus exist in both plots, above and below, when balanus was scraped off? why?

no, only balanus remained below balanus overgrew the chthalamus

did balanus exist in both higher and lower plots once everything was scraped off? why?

no, only in lower plot | physical environment wasn't good for them --> oxygen seal

ecological position in a community | - the range of conditions in which the species could be found

niche

niche occupied in nature/ real world

realized niche

niche with range of physical conditions that allow the species to survive and reproduce

fundamental niche

difference in fundamental and realized niche for balanus?

not very different - -> could not survive in higher - did not occupy higher

difference in fundamental and realized niche for chthalamus?

very different - could survive in both - only lived in higher because of interspecies competition

better competitor of one resource of two species will eliminate the other over time

competitive exclusion principle

what is located along the coasts of continents and near-shore areas of islands (all shallow water)

coral reefs

what is made up of calcium carbonate

coral reefs

two species living together in direct physical contact

symbiosis

photosynthetic protists in an symbiotic relationship with coral

zooxanthellae

the reason behind the symbiotic relationship b/w zooxanthellae and coral?

mutualistic - zooxantheale got CO2 and N from coral as well as protection - coral used zooxanthealle for carbs in their nutrient deficient environment

what began competing with coral for space after disturbances?

macro algae

what and when were ___ and ___ main herbivores around coral reefs?

- parrot fish first then over fishing | - sea urchins

what happened to the sea urchins in the coral reefs? consequence?

killed off by disease | now no herbivore to keep macro algae at bay

why were some reefs becoming macro algae grown and others not? pattern?

reefs with more fish weren't as overrun with macro algae because fish ate the macro algae but didn't eat the coral

a local effect that enhanced macro algae growth?

high nutrient level inputs - corals had adapted to living with nutrients so didn't really help them - macro algae had not adapted, so increased nutrients increased their growth a lot

what was the effect of warm water temperatures on corals? (rise a few degrees)

they died as they expelled their zooanthealle BECAUSE ZOOXANTHEALLE AREN'T AS PRODUCTIVE - CORAL ARE DUMB

WHY IS IT GOOD TO HAVING SEEMINGLY REDUNDANT SEVERAL SPECIES THAT GAVE THE SAME ROLES IN COMMUNITIES

MORE RESILIENCE AGAINST DISTURBANCE