Animal 8

Question 1

skeleton of fluid held under pressure in a closed body compartment

Answer 1

hydro-static skeleton

Question 2

endoskeleton

Answer 2

hardened internal skeleton

Question 3

exoskeleton

Answer 3

hardened external skeleton

Question 4

earthworm layers of muscles

Answer 4

• circular

longitudial

Question 5

when circular muscles of earthworm contract what happens

Answer 5

diameter gets smaller

Question 6

when longitudinal muscles of earthworm contracts what happened

Answer 6

earthworm length shortens

Question 7

can both circular and longitidal msucles contract at the same time

Answer 7

no

Question 8

what lets earthworm propel forward instead of just contrqacting in one spot

Answer 8

bristles anchored into the ground

Question 9

muscles that generate opposite muscles; both cannot be contracted at the same time
ex: bicep and triceps

Answer 9

antagonistic muscles

Question 10

what happens to angle when flexor contracts

Answer 10

angle decreases gets smaller

Question 11

what happens when extender contracts

Answer 11

angle increases, gets bigger

Question 12

skeletal muscle structure hierarchical organization

Answer 12

skeletal muscle– muscle fibers (cells) – myofibrils – thin (actin) and thick (myosin) filaments

Question 13

muscle fibers composed of ______

Answer 13

sacromnere

Question 14

additive so as a whole they contract enough to move bones of a skeleton

Answer 14

sacromere individually contract

Question 15

composed of two chains of actin molecules
each ball on the chain is an actin molecule
myosin binding sites, (the dark spot on each actin molecule)

Answer 15

thin filament

Question 16

composed of many myofin proteins
tail and head reogin 
core of tails attatched
heads exposed on surface of the bundle
the yoson heads bind to the actin 
the myosin head is the part capable of generating movement, by using ATP, leading to overall muscle contraction

Answer 16

thick filament

Question 17

center line of thin and thick filaments

Answer 17

M line

Question 18

do either filament shorten during contraction

Answer 18

no, they just slide past each other, increasing overlap

Question 19

ends of unit of actin and myosin fibers

Answer 19

Z

Question 20

hoe does movement between filaments take place

Answer 20

myosin bonds to myosin sites on thin actin filament, and pulls it towards the middle using ATP

Question 21

long rope like proteins that sit on top of myosin binding sites when the muscle is RELAXED. This prevents any myosin heads binding to the actin molecules

Answer 21

tropomyosin with troponin complexes on them

Question 22

when contracting what happens to tropomyosin

Answer 22

Ca comes in and attaches to troponin complexes, conformation change, myosin binding sites exposed on actin for myosin filaments to bind to

Question 23

dominant opposing force to locomotion in land animals

Answer 23

gravity

Question 24

dominant opposing locomotion force in aquatic animals

Answer 24

friction from water

Question 25

dominant opposing force in flying animals

Answer 25

mostly gravity, little bit of friction