Animal Care and Nursing Flashcards
4 types of hyper sensitivity
Type I: Atopy & Anaphylaxis
Type II: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Type II: Glomerulonephritis
Type IV: Certain contact allergies, plastic food bowls.
How many blood types do cats have
3
A (98% of cats)
B (rare, often seen in exotic breeds)
AB (rare in all breeds)
Summer Sores
GI Parasites
Habronema spp & Draschia spp
What is a Chelonia
Turtle/ tortoise
Pyuria
WBC in urine
What muscles extend the elbow?
Triceps
Cholestasis
Poor flow of bile from the liver to the GI tract
What should all puppies be treated for?
Toxocara canis
Hock Joint
Tarsocrurual Joint
Normal Horse HB
25-50 BPM
Perihilar Lymphnodes
ARE NOT palpated peripherally
# of Cervical Vertebrae in: Cows, dogs, cats, sheep, goats, horses and humans?
7
Normal temp for a week old puppy
94-99 degrees
Which muscle should you not give an IM injection in in Horses?
Epaxial
How does Feline Toxoplasmosis present and what is it treated with?
Presents neuro; treated with clindamycin
Dysphagia
difficulty swallowing
Paratenic
transport host; does not undergo development on the animal
cerumen
earwax
90% of mammary gland tumors in cats are:
Malignant
NAVTAs Code of Ethics
Vets are not accountable for techs actions
Psittacosis
Parrot fever
How far is a nasal oxygen tube advanced?
To the level of the carnassial tooth to medical canthus of the eye
Trichomoniasis
causes infertility and abortions
What are toxic food for birds
Avocado, chocolate, comfrey
Avoid High sugar and salt
order of intestines in birds
Crop, esophagus, proventriculus, ventriculus, intestines, cloaca
What structure do birds not have?
Diaphrams
Chordae Tendinae
tendons which link papillary muscles to the valves and aid in opening and closing of the valves.
Systole
Ventricles are contracting
diastole
ventricles are relaxed, ventricles are filling with blood
Summary of cardiac circulation
Deoxygenated blood goes from body to heart via vena cava, empties into right atrium, through tricuspid valve into right ventricle, through pulmonic valve into pulmonary artery, to the lungs through the pulmonary circulation, gas exchange occurs in the lungs to oxygenate blood, to the pulmonary vein, into the left atrium through the mitral valve into left ventricle, through the aortic valve into the aorta, then to the body where gas exchange occurs in the capillaries.
Mitral Valve
separates left atrium from left ventricle
Tricuspid Valve
separates right atrium from right ventricle
Pulmonary Valve
separates right ventricle from the pulmonary artery.
Aortic Valve
separates left ventricle from the aorta
Papillary muscles
contract to open the valves. Connected to chordae tendinae.
Sinoatrial Node (SA Node)
Natural Pace Maker of the heart
It starts the electrical impulses to the heart
Atrioventricular node (AV node)
located at lower R atrium
spread through nerves in the ventricles and stimulate a wave of contractions. The AV node delays the impulse until the ventricles are completely filled
Bundle of His
send impulses to cause cardiac contraction.
Purkinje fibers
specialized cardiac muscle cells that conduct impulses deep within the myocardium assisting to transmit impulses from the AV node to the ventricles
Preload
stretching of the cardiac cells prior to contraction, most related to right atrial pressure
Contractility
intrinsic ability of the heart to contract independent of preload and afterload
Afterload
tension against which the ventricles contract. Left ventricular afterload determined by the aortic pressure. Right ventricular afterload is determined by the pulmonary artery pressure.
Stroke volume (SV)
the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle per contraction.
Cardiac output (CO)
SV X HR
Central Venous Pressure (CVP)
pressure of blood in the thoracic vena cava, a good way to monitor hydration status in patients.
Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM)
weakened and enlarged heart; may be associated with taurine deficiency in some cases
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM)
hypertrophy or thickening of the myocardium (heart muscle); sometimes associated with hyperthyroidism in cats
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
heart can no longer pump blood efficiently and leads to pulmonary edema (fluid in the lungs)
Second-degree AV block (common in horses)
arrhythmia causing delay at the AV node, often caused by high vagal tone in athletically fit horses, may resolve with exercise. May see a p wave with no QRS on an ECG.