Surgical Nursing Flashcards

1
Q

Oh, Oh, Oh, To Touch And Feel Vintage Green Velvet, Simply Heaven

Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter Most
Sensory (s) Motor (m) Both (b)

A

Olfactory Nerve, Optic Nerve, Oculomotor Nerve, Trochlear Nerve, Trigeminal Nerve, Abducens Nerve, Facial Nerve, Vestibulocochlear Nerve, Glossopharyngeal Nerve, Vagus Nerve, Spinal Accessory Nerve, Hypoglossal Nerve

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2
Q

CN I – Olfactory Nerve

A

Mediates the sense of smell, observed when the pet sniffs around its environment

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3
Q

CN II – Optic Nerve

A

Carries visual signals from retina to occipital lobe of brain, observed as the pet tracks an object with its eyes. It also causes pupil constriction.
The Menace response is the waving of the hand at the dog’s eye to see if it blinks (this nerve provides the vision; the blink is due to cranial nerve VII)

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4
Q

CN III – Oculomotor Nerve

A

• Provides motor to most of the extraocular muscles (dorsal, ventral, and medial rectus) and for pupil constriction
o Observing pupillary constriction in PLR

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5
Q

CN IV – Trochlear Nerve

A

• Provides motor function to the dorsal oblique extraocular muscle and rolls globe medially

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6
Q

CN V – Trigeminal Nerve – Maxillary, Mandibular, and Ophthalmic Branches

A

• Provides motor to muscles of mastication (chewing muscles) and sensory to eyelids, cornea, tongue, nasal mucosa and mouth.

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7
Q

CN VI- Abducens Nerve

A

• Provides motor function to the lateral rectus extraocular muscle and retractor bulbi
• Examined by touching the globe and observing for retraction (also tests V for sensory)
Responsible for physiologic nystagmus when turning head (also involves III, IV, and VIII)

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8
Q

CN VII – Facial Nerve

A

Providesmotortomusclesoffacialexpression(eyelids,ears,lips)andsensorytomedialpinna(ear flap). Also taste to rostral tongue.
o Palpebral response –motor for the blink reflex when touching medial canthus (also tests V for
sensory)
o Observe for facial paralysis, deviation of nose to one side, or droopy lips o Schirmer tear test (this nerve also helps with tear production)

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9
Q

CN VIII – Vestibulocochlear Nerve

A

• Sensory for hearing and head position
• A head tilt or nystagmus may suggest dysfunction of this nerve (vestibular disease or
inner ear disease)

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10
Q

CN IX – Glossopharyngeal Nerve

A
  • Innervates the pharynx for swallowing (with X). Also innervates some salivary glands and provides taste innervation from caudal tongue
  • Examine by eliciting a gag reflex and observing for dysphagia (difficulty swallowing).
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11
Q

CN X – Vagus Nerve

A
  • Innervates the larynx, esophagus, and pharynx. Also provides parasympathetic innervation to the heart and viscera
  • Tested with a gag reflex (along with CN IX)
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12
Q

CN XI – Spinal Accessory Nerve

A

• Innervates cranial cervical (neck) muscles

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13
Q

CN XII – Hypoglossal Nerve

A

• Motor to the tongue (causes tongue movement)

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14
Q

Parts of the mouth

A

Soft palate, hard palate, oropharynx, salivary glands, teeth

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15
Q

Mastication

A

Chewing

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16
Q

Anatomy of Esophagus

A

2 layers of lining: Mucosa and Submucosa

2 layers of muscle: Longitudinal and circular

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17
Q

Ruminants have how many stomachs and what are they?

A

4

Reticulum, Rumen, Omasum, abomasum

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18
Q

Monogastric

A

Single stomach that has 3 parts

Fundus, body, antrum

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19
Q

Pepsin

A

Enzyme that breaks down proteins into amino acids

20
Q

What protects the stomach from being digested by its own secretions?

A

Mucin and bicarbonate

21
Q

What are the three parts of the small intestines?

A

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum

22
Q

Duodenum

A

upper small intestines which is connected to the stomach and on which the pancreas is attached.

23
Q

Jejunum

A

Makes up the majority of the small intestines ( middle segment)

24
Q

Ilieum

A

connects to the cecum

25
Q

What are fats digested by?

A

Emulsification and micelle formation

26
Q

How are carbohydrates digested in ruminants

A

fermentation process

27
Q

What enzyme does the pancreas secrete and how does it help?

A

Proteases, breaks down proteins int o amino acid chains and then absorbed across the brush boarder

28
Q

What are the parts of the large intestines?

A

Cecum, Colon

29
Q

Cecum

A

Blind Sac; More advanced in ruminants- fermentation
Where the small intestine and large intestine meet
Horses: cecum and colon are referred to Hindgut.

30
Q

Colon

A
Absorb nutrients and water that aren't already absorbed by small intestines
store feces (rectum)
31
Q

components of the anus

A
  1. Internal sphincter

2. External sphincter

32
Q

Internal Sphincter

A

Involuntary control
Allows for fecal material accumulation
Fecal material comes into contact with anal mucosa and this stimulates mucosal receptors

33
Q

External Sphincter

A

Voluntary control
Mucosal receptors signal the need for defe cation
Allows for voluntary control of defecation

34
Q

What are the Kidneys responsible for?

A

regulating water and electrolyte balance
excretes wastes and toxins
aids in retaining portion and glucose
maintains Acid:Base Homeostasis

35
Q

common absorbable suture

A
  • Catgut
  • Dexon
  • Monocryl • Vicryl
  • Caprosyn • PDSII
  • Maxon
  • Biosyn
36
Q

common non absorbable suture

A
  • Nylon
  • Polypropylene (Prolene)
  • Silk
  • Polybutester (Novafil)
  • Polymerized caprolactum (Vetafil)
37
Q

What fracture occurs at the growth plate and is seen in young animals?

A

Salter-Harris

38
Q

What is a hair-line fracture that is not separated from the bone shaft?

A

Greenstick

39
Q

What fracture is a break in the shaft that results in two long sharp points?

A

Oblique fracture (spiral fracture)

40
Q

What fracture is a break that goes directly across the bone shaft?

A

Transverse

41
Q

What fracture has multiple fragments?

A

Comminuted

42
Q

What is the most common surgical approach to the abdominal cavity, in a horse?

A

Ventral midline incision

43
Q

The small intestine is made up of four layers. What are these layers from the inside to outside?

A

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa

44
Q

What is a celiotomy?

A

Surgical incision into the abdominal cavity

45
Q

What is the maximum amount of time that a esmarch and tourniquet may be left in place for?

A

Maximum amount of time is 2 hours

46
Q

Following GI surgery when should a dog or cat be offered food?

A

12-24 hours