Animal classification Flashcards
(46 cards)
What are the main characteristics of kingdom animalia?
Heterotrophs (must ingest organic molecules- herbivores, carnivores or omnivores), many eukaryotic cell that contains collagen, mostly sexual reproduction (diploid stage life cycle and haploid stage in reproduction) and the specific adaptations include muscle and nervous systems
What are the 9 groups of animalia?
Platythelminthes, Porifora, Nematoda, Mollusca, Chordata, Cnidaria, Echinodermata, Arthopoda and Annelida
What are the main characteristics of Annelida?
Body segmentation (coelom divided into series of repeated parts-metamerism, metamere), complete digestive tract, segmentation allows for flexibility/motility, cluster nerve cells and excretory organs in metamere, nerve cords/blood vessels/digestive tract pass through wall and are unsegmented. Walls are septum (thin sheets of mesodermic tissue, isolating coelom). Each segment is ring like and similar. Soft bodies, round in cross section, repetition of organs in segments
What are the 3 classes in Annelida?
Polychaeta (polychaetes), Oligochaeta (oligochaetes/earthworms) and Hirudinea (Leech)
What are the main characteristics of Arthropoda?
Evolved from annelids, invertebrate, open circulatory system, organs for gas exchange, symmetrical, bodies segmented and covered with exoskeleton (head, thorax, abdomen) and moult to grow- end stage metamorphisis
List a few examples of Arthopoda
Butterfly, dragonfly and wasp
What are the main characteristics of Chordata?
Hollow nerve cord in dorsal side of body, notochord (flexible rod between nerve cord and digestive tract), cell structures in pharynx, digestive tube located behind mouth, post-anal tail, bilateral symmetry in some stage life cycle, have coelom (made from outgrowth of digestive tube-coelomates). All are deuterosomes (embryo development anus forms before mouth), body segmentation and true tissue shown.
What are the 3 subphylas of Chordata ?
Urochordata (tunicates- characteristics in larval stage), Cephalachordata (lancilate, show characteristics in adult stage) and vertebrata
What are the main characteristics of vertebrate chordata?
Enclosed brain by skull, skull and backbone contain vertebrate, skull and vertebrate are exoskeleton and have hard bone or cartilage
What are the 7 classes of vertebrate chordata and list examples?
Agnatha (Fish lacking jaws-lamprey, hagfish), Chondrichthyes (cartilagenous fish- sharks and rays), Osteichthytes (bony fish), Amphibia (Adapted to terrestrial and aquatic-frog, toad), reptilia (descendent of amphibia but land only- lizard, snake), Aves (birds) and Mammalia (hair and mammory glands- humans can be 3 types-monotremes, marsupials and eutherians)
What is a monotreme?
egg laying and feed on milk (platypus and echidna)
What is a marsupial?
Give birth to undeveloped young nursed in pouch (kangaroos, koalas)
What is a eutherian?
Placenta, joins embryo to uterus (humans, horses)
What are the types of Cnidaria? Give examples
Hydrozoa (diverse polyps, hydra), Schphozoa (jellyfish), Anthozoa (sea anenomes, corals) and Cubozoa (cuboidal swimming cups)
What are the main characteristics of Cnidaria?
Radically symmetrical, body types-polyp and medusa, mouth leads direct to gastrovascular cavity (incomplete digestive system), carnivores (capture prey using cnidocytes), 2 layered tissue seperated by gelatinous layer (mesoglea). outer layer is dermis and inner is gastrodermis (forms body cavity). Functions performed by individual tissue
What is the polyp body type?
cylindrical body, tentacles on 1 end and anchored to something on the other
What is the medusa body type?
Umbrella shaped body, fringed by tentacles, floats freely
What are the main characteristics of Echinodermata?
Almost all marine, Radically symmetrical when fully grown, no body segmentation, coelom made from digestive tube
What are the 5 classes of Echinodermata?
Blastozoa (extinct), Crinozoa (sea lillies), Echinozoa (sea urchins), Asterozoa (starfish) and Homalozoa (extinct)
What are the main characteristics of mollusca?
Muscular foot for locomotion, mantle covers animal, have external calcium carbonate shell, mantle used for respiration, waste disposal and sensory reception, complete digestive tract, coelom developed from solid cell masses, mantly cavity houses gills, are protosomes and organs suspended in mesentary tissue with mesodermic coelom between ectoderm and endoderm
What are the 7 classes of mollusca?
Polyplacophora (chitons), aplacophora (molluscs without shells), Monoplascophora (molluscs with 1 shell), Schapoda (molluscs with tubular shells), Gastropoda (gastropods, snails), Bivalvia (Bivalves) and Cephalopoda (Cephalopods, squids, octupuses)
What are the main characteristics of Nematoda?
roundworms (cylindrical worms with no apparent head), cuticle (tough outer layer of nonliving skin protection), alimentary canal (seperate mouth and anus), psuedocoelomates (internal body space surrounding endodermic tissue of digestive tract), can be parasitic or free living and no distinct classes
What are the main characteristics of Porifera?
All species sponge, simplest animals (no true tissue), majority radically symmetrical, 3 layers- outer (flattened cells and pores), skeletal cells (spongin or mineral containing particles), inner most (choanocytes)
What are the 3 class of porifera?
Calcera (rigid calcium carbonate), Demospongia (majority sponges), Hexactinellida (many extinct, silicia spines)
