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Animal Diversity unit 2 > Animal Diversity lab quiz > Flashcards

Animal Diversity lab quiz Flashcards

1
Q

What animals are in Phylum Chordata?

A

ALL vertebrates and some invertebrates

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2
Q

what are the 5 major synapomorphies in Phylum Chordata?

A

dorsal hollow nerve cord, Endostyle, notochord, pharyngeal gill slits, postanal tail

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3
Q

what does the Endostyle (thyroid gland) do?

A

secretes mucus, traps food; only in protochordates and lamprey larvae; cells homologous to endostyle found in thyroid

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3
Q

what is the Dorsal hollow nerve cord (DHNC)?

A

fluid-filled dorsal nerve cord that forms central nervous system along w brain

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4
Q

what is the notochord?

A

slender rod of cartilage-like connective tissue that extends along dorsal side of organism; in more derived verts, this is replaced w vertebral column during development

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4
Q

what are the Pharyngeal gill slits?

A

paired slits in pharynx that serves as passageways for water to gills

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5
Q

what animals are Subphylum Urochordata, Class Ascidiacea?

A

tunicates, sea squirts

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5
Q

what is the Postanal tail?

A

muscular tail that projects past anus, for propulsion

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6
Q

what is the leathery coating (tunic) of Subphylum Urochordata, Class Ascidiacea made of and is secreted by what?

A

cellulose, secreted by mantle

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6
Q

what synapomorphies do the larval and adult Subphylum Urochordata, Class Ascidiacea have?

A

larval - all 5; adult - not all 5

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7
Q

what synapomorphies do tadpole larvae have?

A

notochord and postanal tail

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8
Q

what is the cerebral ganglion in tunicates?

A

bundle of nerves that serves as brain

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9
Q

what is the endostyle in tunicates?

A

ciliated groove in pharynx that secretes mucus

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10
Q

what is the intestine/stomach in tunicates?

A

connected to pharynx, final digestion

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10
Q

what animals are in Subphylum Cephalochordata, Genus Branchiostoma

A

Lancelets or amphioxus

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10
Q

what does anadromous mean?

A

swim upstream to spawn

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10
Q

what are the siphons in tunicates?

A

excurrent - water out, incurrent - water in

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11
Q

what is the pharynx in tunicates?

A

mesh pattern that makes up majority of body plan

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11
Q

Subphylum Vertebrata: Superclass Agnatha, Class Petromysontida characteristics

A

jawless fish; anadromous; Larval ammocoetes live in sand

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11
Q

what are Subphylum Vertebrata: Superclass Agnatha, Class Petromysontida?

A

Lampreys (Petromyzontida) and hagfish
(Myxini)

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11
Q

Subphylum Cephalochordata, Genus Branchiostoma characteristics

A

filter feeders, spend time w tails in sand; basic chordate structures

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12
Q

what are Class Chondrichthyes?

A

Cartilaginous jawed fishes

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13
Q

what animals are in Subclass Elasmobranchi?

A

sharks, skates, rays

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14
Q

what are Ampullae of Lorenzini?

A

Detects weak electrical fields

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15
Q

Class Chondrichthyes characteristics

A

Some Ovoviviparous; Rough skin contain dermal denticles; large oily livers for buoyancy

16
Q

external anatomy of Squalus - Dogfish Shark - claspers?

A

located in-between pelvic fins for mating; only in males

17
Q

what does Ovoviviparous mean?

A

Live birth but young develop attached to yolk sac rather than placenta

18
Q

external anatomy of Squalus - Dogfish Shark - Lateral line

A

sensory organs that detect local water movement

19
Q

external anatomy of Squalus - Dogfish Shark - Spiracles and nostrils

A

allow for breathing while feeding

20
Q

internal anatomy of Squalus - Dogfish Shark -Ilium

A

contains spiral valve

21
Q

internal anatomy of Squalus - Dogfish Shark - liver

A

large and multi-lobed, contains oil for buoyancy; gallbladder

22
Q

where is gallbladder found in dogsharks

A

found on central lobe of liver

22
Q

what is a spiral valve?

A

slows food to ensure complete digestion/absorption

23
Q

internal anatomy of Squalus - Dogfish Shark - spleen

A

attached to “elbow” of J-shaped stomach

24
Q

internal anatomy of Squalus - Dogfish Shark - Digestive tract

A

esophagus → stomach → duodenum → ilium → colon; lined w rugae

25
Q

what is rugae?

A

irregular ridges to increase surface area

26
Q

internal anatomy of Squalus - Dogfish Shark - heart

A

between gill slits

27
Q

internal anatomy of Squalus - Dogfish Shark - kidney

A

embedded in dorsal body wall

28
Q

internal anatomy of Squalus - Dogfish Shark - ovaries/testes

A

on dorsal side between pectoral fins

29
Q

internal anatomy of Squalus - Dogfish Shark - pancreas

A

outside of duodenum; secretes enzymes for digestion

30
Q

internal anatomy of Squalus - Dogfish Shark - rectal/digitiform gland

A

regulates ion balance

31
Q

internal anatomy of Squalus - Dogfish Shark - uterus

A

adjacent to digestive tract; filled w embryos

32
Q

Class Actinopterygii characteristics

A

global, largest group of inverts, swim bladder for buoyancy; flattened ctenoid scales in fish
w spiny rays (like perch); cycloid scales in soft-rayed fishes

32
Q

what animals are in Class Actinopterygii

A

ray finned fish

33
Q

what do fins contain in Class Actinopterygii

A

fin rays - can contain hard spines to deter predation; can be softer/more flexible used for propulsion

34
Q

Class Actinopterygii, Superorder Teleostei, Genus Perca external anatomy of fins

A

anal fins: anus and urogenital opening anterior to anal fins on ventral side; 2 dorsal fins; pectoral fins; symmetrical caudal fin - homocercal in perch: ventral and dorsal halves equal

35
Q

Class Actinopterygii, Superorder Teleostei, Genus Perca external anatomy lateral line

A

has sensory organs to sense local water movement and temp

35
Q

Class Actinopterygii, Superorder Teleostei, Genus Perca external anatomy of operculum

A

hard covering protecting gills

36
Q

Class Actinopterygii, Superorder Teleostei, Genus Perca external anatomy of gills

A

under operculum

36
Q

Class Actinopterygii, Superorder Teleostei, Genus Perca external anatomy of duodenum

A

S shaped portion of intestine

37
Q

Class Actinopterygii, Superorder Teleostei, Genus Perca external anatomy of Pyloric ceca

A

fingerlike projections nestles in curves of duodenum

37
Q

Class Actinopterygii, Superorder Teleostei, Genus Perca external anatomy of swim bladder

A

filled w gasses, for buoyancy

38
Q

Class Actinopterygii, Superorder Teleostei, Genus Perca external anatomy of stomach

A

J shaped, lead to bend w fingerlike pyloric ceca before entering intestine

38
Q

how can volume of oral pump can be changed?

A

raising and lowering jaw and floor of mouth

38
Q

how can the volume of the opercular pump be changed?

A

by swinging operculum in and out

39
Q

what is the oral pump?

A

mouth cavity

39
Q

Class Actinopterygii, Superorder Teleostei, Genus Perca external anatomy of gonads (ovary/testes)

A

visible connected to urogenital opening

39
Q

Perch respiration characteristics

A

Water movement across gills driven by oral and opercular pumps;

39
Q

Class Actinopterygii, Superorder Teleostei, Genus Perca external anatomy of myomeres

A

divided into dorsal epaxial muscles and ventral hypaxial muscles

40
Q

what do the valves to in respiration?

A

prevent backflow, so water flow across gills in unidirectional

41
Q

what does the axial skeleton of a perch include?

A

bones of skull, vertebral column, ribs, and medial fins (dorsal, caudal, and anal)

42
Q

what does the appendicular skeleton of a perch include?

A

pectoral girdle and fines and pelvic girdle and fins

Animal Diversity unit 2 (4 decks)

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