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Animal Diversity unit 2 > Animal Diversity lab quiz > Flashcards

Animal Diversity lab quiz Flashcards

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1
Q

What animals are in Phylum Chordata?

A

ALL vertebrates and some invertebrates

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2
Q

what are the 5 major synapomorphies in Phylum Chordata?

A

dorsal hollow nerve cord, Endostyle, notochord, pharyngeal gill slits, postanal tail

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3
Q

what does the Endostyle (thyroid gland) do?

A

secretes mucus, traps food; only in protochordates and lamprey larvae; cells homologous to endostyle found in thyroid

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3
Q

what is the Dorsal hollow nerve cord (DHNC)?

A

fluid-filled dorsal nerve cord that forms central nervous system along w brain

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4
Q

what is the notochord?

A

slender rod of cartilage-like connective tissue that extends along dorsal side of organism; in more derived verts, this is replaced w vertebral column during development

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4
Q

what are the Pharyngeal gill slits?

A

paired slits in pharynx that serves as passageways for water to gills

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5
Q

what animals are Subphylum Urochordata, Class Ascidiacea?

A

tunicates, sea squirts

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5
Q

what is the Postanal tail?

A

muscular tail that projects past anus, for propulsion

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6
Q

what is the leathery coating (tunic) of Subphylum Urochordata, Class Ascidiacea made of and is secreted by what?

A

cellulose, secreted by mantle

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6
Q

what synapomorphies do the larval and adult Subphylum Urochordata, Class Ascidiacea have?

A

larval - all 5; adult - not all 5

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7
Q

what synapomorphies do tadpole larvae have?

A

notochord and postanal tail

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8
Q

what is the cerebral ganglion in tunicates?

A

bundle of nerves that serves as brain

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9
Q

what is the endostyle in tunicates?

A

ciliated groove in pharynx that secretes mucus

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10
Q

what is the intestine/stomach in tunicates?

A

connected to pharynx, final digestion

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10
Q

what animals are in Subphylum Cephalochordata, Genus Branchiostoma

A

Lancelets or amphioxus

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10
Q

what does anadromous mean?

A

swim upstream to spawn

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10
Q

what are the siphons in tunicates?

A

excurrent - water out, incurrent - water in

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11
Q

what is the pharynx in tunicates?

A

mesh pattern that makes up majority of body plan

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11
Q

Subphylum Vertebrata: Superclass Agnatha, Class Petromysontida characteristics

A

jawless fish; anadromous; Larval ammocoetes live in sand

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11
Q

what are Subphylum Vertebrata: Superclass Agnatha, Class Petromysontida?

A

Lampreys (Petromyzontida) and hagfish
(Myxini)

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11
Q

Subphylum Cephalochordata, Genus Branchiostoma characteristics

A

filter feeders, spend time w tails in sand; basic chordate structures

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12
Q

what are Class Chondrichthyes?

A

Cartilaginous jawed fishes

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13
Q

what animals are in Subclass Elasmobranchi?

A

sharks, skates, rays

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14
Q

what are Ampullae of Lorenzini?

A

Detects weak electrical fields

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15
Class Chondrichthyes characteristics
Some Ovoviviparous; Rough skin contain dermal denticles; large oily livers for buoyancy
16
external anatomy of Squalus - Dogfish Shark - claspers?
located in-between pelvic fins for mating; only in males
17
what does Ovoviviparous mean?
Live birth but young develop attached to yolk sac rather than placenta
18
external anatomy of Squalus - Dogfish Shark - Lateral line
sensory organs that detect local water movement
19
external anatomy of Squalus - Dogfish Shark - Spiracles and nostrils
allow for breathing while feeding
20
internal anatomy of Squalus - Dogfish Shark -Ilium
contains spiral valve
21
internal anatomy of Squalus - Dogfish Shark - liver
large and multi-lobed, contains oil for buoyancy; gallbladder
22
where is gallbladder found in dogsharks
found on central lobe of liver
22
what is a spiral valve?
slows food to ensure complete digestion/absorption
23
internal anatomy of Squalus - Dogfish Shark - spleen
attached to “elbow” of J-shaped stomach
24
internal anatomy of Squalus - Dogfish Shark - Digestive tract
esophagus → stomach → duodenum → ilium → colon; lined w rugae
25
what is rugae?
irregular ridges to increase surface area
26
internal anatomy of Squalus - Dogfish Shark - heart
between gill slits
27
internal anatomy of Squalus - Dogfish Shark - kidney
embedded in dorsal body wall
28
internal anatomy of Squalus - Dogfish Shark - ovaries/testes
on dorsal side between pectoral fins
29
internal anatomy of Squalus - Dogfish Shark - pancreas
outside of duodenum; secretes enzymes for digestion
30
internal anatomy of Squalus - Dogfish Shark - rectal/digitiform gland
regulates ion balance
31
internal anatomy of Squalus - Dogfish Shark - uterus
adjacent to digestive tract; filled w embryos
32
Class Actinopterygii characteristics
global, largest group of inverts, swim bladder for buoyancy; flattened ctenoid scales in fish w spiny rays (like perch); cycloid scales in soft-rayed fishes
32
what animals are in Class Actinopterygii
ray finned fish
33
what do fins contain in Class Actinopterygii
fin rays - can contain hard spines to deter predation; can be softer/more flexible used for propulsion
34
Class Actinopterygii, Superorder Teleostei, Genus Perca external anatomy of fins
anal fins: anus and urogenital opening anterior to anal fins on ventral side; 2 dorsal fins; pectoral fins; symmetrical caudal fin - homocercal in perch: ventral and dorsal halves equal
35
Class Actinopterygii, Superorder Teleostei, Genus Perca external anatomy lateral line
has sensory organs to sense local water movement and temp
35
Class Actinopterygii, Superorder Teleostei, Genus Perca external anatomy of operculum
hard covering protecting gills
36
Class Actinopterygii, Superorder Teleostei, Genus Perca external anatomy of gills
under operculum
36
Class Actinopterygii, Superorder Teleostei, Genus Perca external anatomy of duodenum
S shaped portion of intestine
37
Class Actinopterygii, Superorder Teleostei, Genus Perca external anatomy of Pyloric ceca
fingerlike projections nestles in curves of duodenum
37
Class Actinopterygii, Superorder Teleostei, Genus Perca external anatomy of swim bladder
filled w gasses, for buoyancy
38
Class Actinopterygii, Superorder Teleostei, Genus Perca external anatomy of stomach
J shaped, lead to bend w fingerlike pyloric ceca before entering intestine
38
how can volume of oral pump can be changed?
raising and lowering jaw and floor of mouth
38
how can the volume of the opercular pump be changed?
by swinging operculum in and out
39
what is the oral pump?
mouth cavity
39
Class Actinopterygii, Superorder Teleostei, Genus Perca external anatomy of gonads (ovary/testes)
visible connected to urogenital opening
39
Perch respiration characteristics
Water movement across gills driven by oral and opercular pumps;
39
Class Actinopterygii, Superorder Teleostei, Genus Perca external anatomy of myomeres
divided into dorsal epaxial muscles and ventral hypaxial muscles
40
what do the valves to in respiration?
prevent backflow, so water flow across gills in unidirectional
41
what does the axial skeleton of a perch include?
bones of skull, vertebral column, ribs, and medial fins (dorsal, caudal, and anal)
42
what does the appendicular skeleton of a perch include?
pectoral girdle and fines and pelvic girdle and fins

Animal Diversity unit 2 (4 decks)

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