Animal Physiology: Intracellular Communication

Question 1

Because animals are multicellular, it is a challenge to

Answer 1

coordinate the function of ALL their parts

Question 2

cells can receive signals from ____ and their ____.

Answer 2

other cells, environment

Question 3

Name the two types of cell signaling

Answer 3

1. electrical signaling

2. chemical signaling

Question 4

give the two examples of electrical signaling

Answer 4

1. action potentials

2. along the axon

Question 5

give three examples of chemical signaling

Answer 5

neurotransmitters, paracrine, and endocrine

Question 6

cell signaling/ communication can be ___ or ____ distance.

Answer 6

short or long distance

Question 7

The three main examples of short distance communication

Answer 7

1. direct contact- cells are directly tied together by connecting cytoplasms
2. synaptic signaling- releases neurotransmitters, chemical signals sent to neighboring cells
3. paracrine signaling- release chemicals from a cell that acts as a regulator, growth factors example , stimulated other nearby cells to grow through diffusion

Question 8

Short distance communication cells release:

Answer 8

chemicals that act on the next neighboring cells

Question 9

Long distance cell signaling:

Answer 9

endocrine signaling

Question 10

gland definition

Answer 10

specialized organs that manufacture and send hormones to their hormone reactive sites

Question 11

glands are associated with ___ in the negative feedback loops. Why is this important?

Answer 11

comparer: important to maintain homeostasis and send signals to other correct cells

Question 12

the endocrine system is usually paired with the

Answer 12

circulatory system

Question 13

in the endocrine system, signals act on ____ cells.

Answer 13

receptive

Question 14

Name the three types of glands within the endocrine system

Answer 14

1. exocrine system- carries hormones outside the body (ex: sweat glands)
2. endocrine system- carries hormones to bloodstream
3. mixed function- does both endo and exo

Question 15

hormones are

Answer 15

chemical signals that communicate between cells and other body parts

Question 16

hormones are specific and will

Answer 16

only interact with a target chosen cell

Question 17

hormones are carried through the

Answer 17

blood and circulatory system

Question 18

hormones are released through

Answer 18

endo and exocrine glands

Question 19

hormones are complex yet simple

Answer 19

complex to be able to have the function to signal, and simple enough to not change in the multiple environments it passes through in

Question 20

hormone and hormone receptors are

Answer 20

a lock and key fit

Question 21

once the hormone and hormone receptors bind together

Answer 21

response occurs

Question 22

Why is it a good thing that hormones are so specific to hormone receptors

Answer 22

so the hormone going to the right are and place

Question 23

Name the three characteristics of a good hormone

Answer 23

1. complexity- to travel to the right site
2. stability- in multiple environments
3. elicitor- must be able to cause response and change

Question 24

There are two ways to classify hormones, by their ___ and ____.

Answer 24

molecular structure and behavior

Question 25

molecular hormones: proteins

Answer 25

made up of amino acids | vary is size

Question 26

Proteins are the most ____ hormones.

Answer 26

complex

Question 27

molecular hormones: amines are

Answer 27

amino acids that bind to specific receptors

Question 28

amines are common in the

Answer 28

nervous system

Question 29

molecular hormones: steriod hormones are

Answer 29

modified lipid molecules that create specific hormone receptors

Question 30

behavior hormones: ______ determines the movement of hormones and their receptors

Answer 30

hydrophobicity

Question 31

hydrophobic or lipohilic hormones are ___ soluble, and ___ pass through the plasma membrane

Answer 31

fat soluble, can

Question 32

hydrophobic hormones cannot move through blood so how do we transfer them in the body?

Answer 32

By attaching to carrier molecule

Question 33

Hydrophilic hormones are ___ soluble and love ___

Answer 33

water, water

Question 34

hydrophilic hormones ____ pass through the plasma membrane and travel though _____.

Answer 34

cannot, blood