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Biology 1 > The Cell B > Flashcards

The Cell B Flashcards

1
Q

Because the prokaryotic cell has no nucleus, where is the DNA

A

nucleoid

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2
Q

nucleoid

A

controls and maintains the pro cell

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3
Q

Although the prokaryotic cell is simple..

A

It still has a complex structure

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4
Q

pilus:

A

hairs attached to the prokaryotic cell

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5
Q

The function of the pilus (2)

A

attachments, connects to other cells and the external environment
Communication

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6
Q

Another name for the pilus

A

sex pili- exchanges genetic information

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7
Q

Glycocalyx

A

important with attachment, along with the pilus

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8
Q

give an example of attachments that occur through glycocalyx

A

plaque

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9
Q

Because eukaryotic cells have multiple organelles…

A

They contain different chemical environments so they contain various enzymes with different functions

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10
Q

nucleus

A

enclosed membrane that contains the DNA of the cell

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11
Q

How did eukaryotic cells form from prokaryotic cells

A

arose from archaea, ancient times had harsh conditions so they had to survive (prokaryotic cells)

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12
Q

Endosymbiont theory

A

A theory that explains how the eukaryotic cell originated from the prokaryotic cell

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13
Q

Name the three reasons within the endosymbiont theory

A
  1. The mitochondria and chloroplasts contain specific and unique DNA that is found in both cells
  2. Two plasma membranes
  3. organelles bacteria is similar
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14
Q

symbiont theory

A

A reason why the eukaryotic cell does not eat the bacteria cell, benefits from both cells

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15
Q

the nucleus

A

houses and protects the genetic information within the cell

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16
Q

the nucleus controls:

A

what goes in and out of the nucleus

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17
Q

The pores within the nucleus are

A

a complex of proteins
rigid gatekeepers
control ins and outs
keeps DNA inside nucleus at all times

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18
Q

The info that is sent out of the nucleus is in the from of

A

messenger RNA

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19
Q

nucelar lamina

A

holds and maintains the shape of the nucleus

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20
Q

The nuclear lamina is made up of

A

proteins

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21
Q

Nucleolus is located

A

within the nucleus

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22
Q

The nucleolus creates ______

A

RNAs!

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23
Q

RNAs leave the nucleus to assemble into

A

ribosomes

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24
Q

DNA is organized into subunits known as

A

chromosomes

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25
DNA is neatly ____ and ____.
coiled and controlled
26
chromosomes-
composed of a single DNA molecule with proteins
27
chromatin
composed of DNA and proteins- condenses into chromosomes
28
mitochondria is the
powerhouse of the cell
29
the mitochondria contains its own
ribosomes and DNA
30
the mitochondria acts somewhat
independently from the cell that it is within
31
Name three things that plant cells only have
1. chloroplasts 2. cell wall 3. central vacuole
32
central vacuole-
holding tank for water
33
why is the central vacuole filled with water
to maintain the pressure, explains why plants would shrivel without water
34
the water pressure cant be viewed as the plant's _______.
bones
35
chloroplasts make _____, and are greatly involved in ______.
sugars, photosynthesis
36
Endomembrane system-
System that interacts with many parts of the cell and is composed of the many membranes
37
the six different membranes in the endomembrane system are connected by _____.
Vesicles
38
The main reason behind the endomembrane system structure is
It allows different chemical reactions to take place in ISOLATED environments and regions of the cell
39
The two parts of the endoplasmic reticulum
1. rough ER | 2. smooth ER
40
rough ER is vital to ______ ______ and has ___ ____.
protein synthesis, bound ribosomes
41
smooth ER makes ____
lipids
42
The smooth ER is _____, therefore provides a
nonpolar, desired environment for the lipids to be made in
43
The main function of the ER is to
build and make things based on the info it receives
44
The Golgi Apparatus
packages and distributes material
45
the "cis face" of the golgi apparatus
receiving side of the GA
46
the "trans face" of the golgi apparatus
shipping side of the GA, delivers to another designated source
47
lysosomes are
compartments with digestive environments
48
the lysosomes will
digest newly entered molecules because they are slightly acidic
49
lysosomes can get rid of
non-functioning organelles
50
the main function of the cytoskeleton (2)
to keep the cell's 3D structure, anchors the organelles and nucleus
51
the cytoskeleton is made up of three things 1. (4) 2. 3.
1. microtubules- largest, mass of proteins coiled into tube maintains the cell shape are the train tracks 2. intermediate filaments- lots of different functions 3. actin filaments- involved in cellular movement
52
protists are made up of
cilia and flagella
53
cilia
hairs used in cellular movement, are shorter than flagella
54
flagella
longer, used in cellular movement
55
microfilaments contain the proteins
myosin and actin
56
myosin and actin interact to be involved in
muscle contraction
57
what causes muscle contraction
amoeboid movement- cytoplasm causes cell to move forward
58
the cytoplasm crawls along a surface by extending _____.
pseudopodia
59
tissues
collection of cells with a similar function and structure
60
name the three junctions of tissues
anchoring junction, tight junction, gap junction
61
anchoring junction
attached adjacent cells by using their cytoskeletons
62
give an example of anchoring junction
skin cells
63
tight junction
seals against loss of fluid in the stomach, intenstine, and kidneys
64
the tight junction should be used with the analogy of
a ziploc bag
65
gap junction (2)
communication junction, allows easy movement between adjacent cells

Biology 1 (10 decks)

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