Animal Science Circulatory System

Question 1

Right atrioventricular valve is also known as what?

Answer 1

AV valve, tricuspid valve

Question 2

Pulmonary Semilunar valve

Answer 2

AKA pulmonary valve

Located between right ventricle and pulmonary artery

Controls the blood entering the lungs

Shaped like half moon

Question 3

Left atrioventricular valve

Answer 3

Controls the opening between left atrium and left ventricle

Aka mitral valve, bicuspid valve

Question 4

Aortic semilunar valve

Answer 4

Located between the left ventricle and the aorta and controls blood entering the arterial system

Question 5

Aortic semiluner valve

Answer 5

Located between the left ventricle and the aorta and controls blood entering the arterial system

Question 6

Artery

Answer 6

Take blood away from the heart

Question 7

Veins

Answer 7

Bring blood back to the heart

Often unoxygenated; exception is when coming back from the lungs

Question 8

Heartbeat

Answer 8

Regularity of the heart rhythm

This is modified by electrical impulses from nerves that stimulate the myocardium

Question 9

Cardiac output

Answer 9

Volume of blood pumped by the heart (per unit of time ??)

in order to pump blood, contraction and relaxation have to be timed perfectly

Question 10

Sinotrial node

Answer 10

Located in the wall of the right atrium

Also called SA Node

Question 11

Purkinje fibers

Answer 11

Muscles cells that establish the base rhythm of the heart

Pacemaker can help to regulate this

Question 12

Atrial systole

Answer 12

Has to do with the SA node.

When SA node contracts, it signifies both atriums to contract and sends blood to both ventricles on the left and right sides

Question 13

Atrioventricular node

Answer 13

A.k.a. AV node

Located in the inter-atrial septum

AV impulses are slower, allowing the ventricles to fill up with blood. This impulse triggers the bundle of His

Called the ventricular systole – forcing blood into the aorta and pulmonary arteries

13 bundle of His - carries the impulse and make ventricle contract

Question 14

Ventricular systole

Answer 14

Has to do with the atrioventricular node (or AV node)

Question 15

Sinus rhythm

Answer 15

Normal rhythm

It starts in the SA node, if it doesn’t start there, then it is known as a heart arrhythmia

Question 16

Heart rhythm

Answer 16

Heart rhythm is electric

Question 17

EKG

Answer 17

Electro cardiogram – measures the electrical activity of the myocardium

Question 18

Electrocardiography

Answer 18

Process of RECORDING the electrical activity of the myocardium

Question 19

Blood vessels

Lumen

Answer 19

OPENING OF A VESSEL (Opening through which blood flows) –

diameter is affected by

constriction (narrowing) or
dilation (widening)

Question 20

Blood vessels

Hilus

Answer 20

Hilus - DEPRESSION where vessels and nerves enter an organ

Question 21

Aorta

Answer 21

Main trunk of atrial system,
begins from left ventricles,
arches dorsally and moves caudally,
supplies many muscles and organs

Question 22

Branches of aorta

Answer 22

Celial - supplies the liver, stomach and spleen

Renal - supplies kidneys

Ovarian - ovaries or testicles

Subclavian – located under collarbone

Question 23

Arterioles

Answer 23

Smaller branches of arteries

Arteriolar are smaller and thinner than arteries, carry blood to the capillaries

Question 24

Capillaries

Answer 24

Single cell vessels that CONNECT THE ARTERIAL and VENOUS systems

Blood flow is slower due to smaller diameter. Slower flow allows time for the diffusion of oxygen, nutrients and waste products

Question 25

Veins

Answer 25

Venules - connect capillaries to the veins Veins 1) low pressure, they returns blood to the heart 2) thinner walls then arteries 3) relying on muscle contractions to push blood back to the heart 4) have valves - these valves allow travel towards the heart and not away

Question 26

Vein placement Jugular vein Femoral vein Renal vein Azygoys vein

Answer 26

Jugular vein - during the head and neck area Femoral vein - drains the legs Renal vein - drains kidneys Azygoys vein - drains chest wall

Question 27

Pressure

Answer 27

Tension exerted by blood on the atrial walls Hypertension – high blood pressure Hypotension – low blood pressure

Question 28

Pulse

Answer 28

RYTHMIC expansion and contraction of the artery produced by pressure

Question 29

Systolic

Answer 29

``` Ventricles contract (highest toward the end of the stroke) output of the left ventricle ```

Question 30

Diastolic

Answer 30

When ventricles relax (lowest in ventricular dilation)

Question 31

Embolus

Answer 31

Foreign object (clot, air, tissue) circulating in the blood

Question 32

Hematoma

Answer 32

Mass or collection of blood

Question 33

Aneurysm

Answer 33

Excessive localized enlargement of an artery caused by a weakening of the artery wall

Question 34

Hypocapnia

Answer 34

Decrease of carbon dioxide levels in the blood

Question 35

Hypoxia

Answer 35

Causes skin and mucous membranes to turn blue tint - lack of oxygen in the blood

Question 36

Ischemia

Answer 36

Deficiency in blood supplies to an aorta

Question 37

Carditis

Answer 37

Inflammation of heart

Question 38

Hypercapnia

Answer 38

Excessive amounts of carbon dioxide in blood