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Idk > Animal Science (Genetics) > Flashcards

Animal Science (Genetics) Flashcards

1
Q

It is the branch of biology that deals with heredity and variation of organisms.

A

Genetics

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2
Q

The transmission of traits from generation to the next generation.

A

Heredity

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3
Q

This deals with the genetic differences between organisms.

A

Variation

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4
Q

The smallest unit of inheritance.

A

Gene

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5
Q

They act as segments of DNA on a chromosome.

A

Gene

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6
Q

This stores and transmits genetic information from cell to cell and from parent to offspring.

A

Gene

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7
Q

It is capable of replicating itself with great consistency and precision.

A

Gene

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8
Q

The mutation of genes can subsequently be copied and replicated. [T/F]

A

True

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9
Q

It is found in the nucleus of the cell. It also forms the backbone of the chromosome.

A

DNA

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10
Q

The structure of the DNA.

A

Spiral / Double helix

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11
Q

Which of the following is NOT an N base of the DNA?
• Guanine
• Adenosine
• Thymine
• Cytosine

A

Adenosine.

The 4 N bases of the DNA are Guanine, Adenine, Thymine, and Cytosine.

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12
Q

These are the proteins that are wrapped arounnd with thin fibers of DNA.

A

Histones

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13
Q

The bead-like structure that is formed by the histone and DNA structure.

A

Nucleosome

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14
Q

These are slender, thread-like strands that contain genes or units of inheritance.

A

Chromosomes

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15
Q

Humans:
2n chromosomes:
Number of pairs:

A

Humans
2n chromosomes: 46
Number of pairs: 23

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16
Q

Cattle
2n chromosomes:
Number of pairs:

A

Cattle
2n chromosomes: 60
Number of pairs: 30

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17
Q

Sheep
2n chromosomes:
Number of pairs:

A

Sheep
2n chromosomes: 54
Number of pairs: 27

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18
Q

Swine
2n chromosomes:
Number of pairs:

A

Swine
2n chromosomes: 38
Number of pairs: 19

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19
Q

Goats
2n chromosomes:
Number of pairs:

A

Goats
2n chromosomes: 60
Number of pairs: 30

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20
Q

Horse
2n chromosomes:
Number of pairs:

A

Horse
2n chromosomes: 64
Number of pairs: 32

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21
Q

Mule
2n chromosomes:
Number of pairs:

A

Mule
2n chromosomes: 63
Number of pairs: 31+1n

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22
Q

Turkey
2n chromosomes:
Number of pairs:

A

Turkey
2n chromosomes: 82
Number of pairs: 41

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23
Q

Chicken
2n chromosomes:
Number of pairs:

A

Chicken
2n chromosomes: 78
Number of pairs: 39

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24
Q

Each body cell contains one or two pairs of sex chromosomes. [T/F]

A

False.

Each body cell contains only one pair of sex chromosomes.

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25
Q

Chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes are called ______.

A

Autosomes.

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26
Q

In mammals, females have XX and males have XY.

In poultry, females have __ and males have __.

A

In poultry, females have ZW and males have ZZ.

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27
Q

This is the specific location of a gene in a chromosome.

A

Locus

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28
Q

These are genes that occupy corresponding loci on homologous chromosomes that affect the same trait, but in a different way.

A

Alleles

29
Q

If the genes on the same locus that are controlling the same trait are different, then they are called “heterozygous”.

A

True

30
Q

If the genes in the same locus are controlling a trait in the same way, then they are homozygous.

A

True.

31
Q

Having two different genes for a particular characteristic.

A

Heterozygous

32
Q

Having identical genes for a particular trait.

A

Homozygous

33
Q

The trait that appears when the chromosome is heterozygous.

A

Dominant trait

34
Q

The allele of a gene that suppresses the expression of the other allele.

A

Dominant

35
Q

The trait that only appears when the chromosome is homozygous. It is usually masked by a dominant allele.

A

Recessive

36
Q

The genetic makeup of an organism.

A

Genotype

37
Q

The combination of alleles in an individual.

A

Genotype

38
Q

The manifestation of the genotype.

A

Phenotype

39
Q

Any behavioral, biochemical, morphological, or physiological manifestation of the genotype.

A

Phenotype

40
Q

The genotype of an organism can change due to different environmental factors. [T/F]

A

False.

The genotype of an organism is fixed upon conception and expressed until death.

41
Q

Other than heredity, this also causes the variation and affects the phenotypic expressions of quantitative traits.

A

Environment

42
Q

This is the type of gene action where the phenotypic expression of one gene does not necessarily add to the phenotypic expression of the other.

A

Nonadditive Gene Action

43
Q

An interaction of genes where one suppresses the expression of its allele.

A

Dominance

44
Q

A form of dominance where heterozygous and homozygous dominant genotypes have the same phenotypic expression.

A

Complete dominance

45
Q

The form of dominance where the dominance is absent and the offspring does not resemble any of its parents.

A

Incomplete / Partial Dominance

46
Q

The form of dominance that is exhibited when a black chicken and a white chicken has an offspring with checkered plumage.

A

Codominance

47
Q

The form of dominance that is exhibited when the heterozygote is considered more valuable than the homozygote.

A

Overdominance

48
Q

An interaction among genes at different loci such that the expression of genes at one locus depends on the alleles present at one or more loci.

A

Epistasis

49
Q

Type of gene action where the one gene contributed to the phenotypic expression of another gene.

A

Additive gene action

50
Q

The phenotypic expression of an individual will become more intensive if there are more genes that contributed to it. [T/F]

A

True

51
Q

The person behind the Mendelian Inheritance.

A

Gregor Mendel

52
Q

The collective term for the laws that describe how the hereditary material is passed on from parent to offspring as evidenced by the physical appearance of the offspring.

A

The Mendelian Inheritance

53
Q

Which law under the Mendelian Inheritance can be illustrated by the monohybrid cross?

A

Law of Independent Segregation

54
Q

A cross between homozygous individuals that are different from each other at one gene locus.

A

Monohybrid cross

55
Q

If a black cattle (Pp) is bred with a red cattle (pp), is it possible for them to have a red offspring, given that black (P) is dominant to red (p)?

A

Yes

56
Q

This law states that genes from different characters are inherited independently of the other pairs.

A

Laws of Independent Assortment

57
Q

The law that can be best illustrated using the dihybrid cross.

A

The Law of Independent Assortment

58
Q

A cross between two homozygous individuals that are different from each other at two gene loci.

A

Dihybrid cross

59
Q

The application of the principles of animal genetics with the goal of improvement of animals.

A

Animal Breeding

60
Q

The purposeful manipulation of the genetic constitution of animals, which determines the expression of their inherent characteristics resulting in desired genetic improvement.

A

Animal Breeding

61
Q

Father of Modern Scientific Animal Breeding and Genetics

A

Jay Laurence Lush

He advocated for quantitative statistics and genetic information in animal breeding, instead of the subjective appearance of the animal.

62
Q

What is the name of the book that is authored by Jay Laurence Lush that greatly influenced animal breeding around the world?

A

Animal Breeding Plans

63
Q

The Founder of Animal Breeding

A

Robert Bakewell

64
Q

Who bred the following animals:
• Leicestershire longhorn cattle
• Leicestershire sheep
• Shire horse

A

Robert Bakewell

65
Q

Refers to the mating of relative individuals

A

Inbreeding

66
Q

It is defined as the mating of animals to produce its kind, or simply defined as procreation.

A

Breeding

67
Q

The offspring tend to be more homozygous when they are inbred. True or False?

A

True

68
Q

The offspring tend to be more homozygous when they are inbred. True or False?

A

True

Idk (9 decks)

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