Insects Flashcards
Which phylum do insects belong to?
Phylum Arthropoda
What Phylum, Class, and Order does the spider belong to?
Phylum Arthropoda
Class Arachnida
Order Araneae
Mites are six-legged arthropods. [T/F]
False. Mites are arthropods that possess eight legs. Therefore, they are eight-legged.
What are the two classes of arthropods that are considered economically important?
Class Insecta and Class Acari
The following are the distinguishing characteristics of arthropods, except:
a) A nervous system
b) An open circulatory system with hemolymph
c) A hard exoskeleton made of glucans
d) Appendages on at least one segment
C.
Arthropods are characterized by their hard exoskeleton made of chitin.
In which subclass of the Class Arachnida do the mites belong to?
Subclass Acari
The study of mites and ticks.
Acarology
It is the scientific study of insects, including all the phases of their lives and understanding their role in nature.
Entomology
The term “Entomology” is derived from the word _____ which means ‘insect’, and ______ which means ‘study of’.
Entomon; Logio
1) Insects have three body parts (head, cephalothorax, and abdomen)
2) Insects have 6 pairs of legs.
a) Only statement 1 is false
b) Only statement 2 is false
c) Both statements are false
d) Both statements are not false
c) Both statements are false.
Insects have three body pairs (head, thorax, and abdomen.
Insects have 6 legs / 3 pairs of legs.
The number of visible segments of the abdomen of an insect.
5 - 11 visible segments
1) Not all adult insects have wings
2) Not all adult insects have a pair of antennae
a) Only statement 1 is true
b) Only statement 2 is true
c) Both statements are true
d) Both statements are not true
a) Only statement 1 is true.
All adult insects have a pair of antennae.
The reproductive appendages are located at what area of the abdomen?
a) Middle
b) Top
c) Tip
d) Under
c) Tip.
The reproductive appendages of an insect are located at the tip of the abdomen.
This provides the insect with protection, muscle attachment, framework, and leverage for locomotion.
Exoskeleton
The exoskeletons are made up of ________.
Chitin
This is the process of hardening of the insect’s cuticle.
Sclerotization
This body part of the insect bears the eyes, antennae, and mouthparts.
Insect Head
1) The compound eyes are located dorsolaterally on the head.
2) The compound eye is made up of an array of visual units called ommatidia.
a) Only statement 1 is true.
b) Only statement 2 is true.
c) Both statements are true.
d) Both statements are false.
Both statements are true
In an insect, only the compound eyes are capable of detecting motion and UV light. [T/F]
False.
Ocelli are simple eyes that can detect motion and light (including UV light) but does not transmit images.
The ocelli are capable of transmitting images, not just detection of light and motion. [T/F]
False. The ocelli do not transmit images, as they only detect motion and light through their photoreceptors.
Sensory organ of an insect that is responsible for the sense of touch, smell, and hearing.
Antennae
The three basic parts of the antennae.
Scape, Pedicel, and Flagellum.
The basal segment of the antennae that articulates with the head capsule.
Scape
The second segment of the antennae.
Pedicel
All of the remaining “segments” of the antennae.
Flagellum
The singular term for flagellum.
Flagellomeres
The type of antennae in which it is long, thin, and made of equally sized and shaped segments.
Filiform
The type of antennae in which it is pouch-like with one lateral bristle.
Aristate
A type of antennae that is beaded, with round segments that make the antenna look like a string of beads. It is exhibited in beetles.
Moniliform
A type of antennae that is gradually clubbed, where segments become wider toward the tip of the antennae. It is exhibited in butterflies, moths, and beetles.
Clavate
In this type of antennae, the segments towards the end are flattened and plate-like, which gives them the appearance of a fan.
Lamellate
The type of antennae that is comb-like. The segments are longer on one side, which gives it the appearance of a comb. This type of antennae is found in sawflies and beetles.
Pectinate.
This type of antennae is similar to the filiform antennae, but it terminal segments are pointed and slender, which gives it the appearance of a style. It is found in Brachycerous flies.
Stylate
The type of antennae is characterized by their segments that each have a number of fine thread-like branches. The long hairs of this antennae gives it the appearance of a feather. It is found in flies, and also in mosquitoes.
Plumose
This antennae is similar to pectinate and lamellate, but the segments are thinner and flattener. This is found in beetles, wasps, and moths.
Flabellate
The saw-toothed antennae. The segments of this type of antennae are angled on one side, giving it the appearance of a saw edge.
Serrate
In this type of antennae, there is an abrupt bend or elbow part of the way along the antenna. This type of antennae is found in ants.
Geniculate
Type of antennae where it is bristle-shaped and are thinner and longer in their ends. Found in mayflies, dragonflies, and damselflies.
Setaceous
Beetle: Coleoptera
Flies: _____________
Diptera
Sawflies: Hymenoptera
Moths: ___________
Lepidoptera
Damselflies: __________
Mayflies: Ephemeroptera
Damselflies: Odonata
The two basic types of mouthparts of insects.
Mandibulate and Haustellate
the Mandibulate mouthparts are also known as the ________ type.
Chewing
Which of the following is NOT a part of the Mandibulate mouthparts?
a) Labrum
b) Mandible
c) Hypopharynx
d) Stylet
d) Stylet
The five parts of the mandibulate mouthparts are: Labrum, Mandible, Maxillae, Labium, and Hypopharynx.
In the mandibulate type, the mandibles are found behind the _______.
Labrum.
Heavily sclerotized and unsegmented jaws.
Mandible
The labium covers the upper part of the mouthpart. [T/F]
False.
The labium covers the lower part of the mouthpart.
It is the broad, flaplike lobe found below the clypeus on the head’s anterior side. It also closes the front of the mouthparts.
Labrum.
Labrum: Upper Lip
Hypopharynx: Tongue-like
Labium: __________-
Labium: Lower Lip
The part of the mouth that bear a feller like organ called the palp. It is located behind the mandibles.
Maxillae
The part of the mandibulate mouthpart that aids in swallowing.
Hypopharynx
It is the type of mouthparts where it has no mandibles and does not chew their food.
Haustellate / sucking type
The haustellate mouthpart has an elongated proboscis or beak that allows liquid food to be sucked. [T/F]
True
The primary function of the mandibulate mouthparts is to pierce or scrape on tissues. [T/F]
FALSE
The haustellate mouthpart can pierce or scrape on tissues.
What are the five variations of haustellate types?
- Piercing-sucking
- Sponging type
- Siphoning type
- Rasping-sucking
- Chewing-lapping
The haustellate type of thrips is the sponging type, where they have a proboscis but are short and stout. [T/F]
False.
Rasping-sucking is the haustellate type that has a short and stout proboscis.
The haustellate type of houseflies. It is adapted for sucking up liquid or semiliquid food.
Sponging type
The haustellate type for extracting nectar from flowers using an elongated proboscis or tongue, which are the fused maxillae.
Siphoning type
This haustellate type have mandibles that are used for defense, carrying things, molding wax, and building nests. It also has elongated maxillae and labium.
Chewing-lapping
Haustellate type that have stylets that are needle-like.
Piercing-sucking
This is the body part of an insect where the appendages for locomotion are located.
Thorax
What are the 3 segments of the thorax?
Prothorax, Mesothorax, and Metathorax.
Which of the following is not a segment of the thorax?
a) Prothorax
b) Pterothorax
c) Mesothorax
d) Metathorax
b) Pterothorax
What is the term used when the mesothorax and metathorax are combined?
Pterothorax
Which of the following is not one of the leg’s basic parts?
1) Coxa
2) Trochanter
3) Femur
4) Tibia
5) Tarsus
6) Chela
7) Pretarsus
Chela.
The leg’s basic parts are coxa, trochanter, femur, tibia, tarsus, pretarsus.
Insects are the only arthropods that can fly. [T/F]
True
Give at least 3 types of insect legs.
Types of legs
- Running or Cursorial
- Digging or Fossorial
- Grasping or Raptorial
- Catching
- Pollen Collection
- Jumping or saltatorial
- Clinging
The other term for digging legs.
Fossorial
The other term for jumping legs.
Saltatorial
The other term for grasping.
Raptorial
What kind of legs does the mole cricket have?
Digging or Fossorial
What kind of legs does the cockroach have?
Running or Cursorial
What kind of legs does the mantis have?
Raptorial / Grasping
What kind of legs do honeybees have?
Pollen Collection
What kind of legs does the head louse have?
Clinging
At which segment of the thorax are the wings of the insect located?
Second and third thoracic segment / Mesothorax and Metathorax
It is the term used for the joining together of two pairs of wings.
Wing coupling
It is the type of wing characterized by hard, sclerotized front wings that serve as protective covers for membranous hind wings. This is found in beetles.
Elytra
Type of wings characterized by front wings that are leathery or parchment-like at the base, and membranous near the tip. This is found in hemipterans.
Hemelytra
This type of wings is characterized by front wings that are completely leathery or parchment-like in texture.
Tegmina
Type of wings that have small, club-like hind wings that serve as gyroscopic stabilizers during flight.
Halteres
Scaly wings are front and hind wings covered with flattened setae (scales). It is found in insects used Order ____________.
Order Lepidoptera
Type of wings with front and hind wings clothed with setae.
Hairy wings
Type of wings that have slender front and hind wings with long fringes of hair.
Fringed wings
This is the type of wing coupling with tiny hooks on the hind wings, which engaged the forewing on the sclerotized fold along the posterior margin. This is found in Hymenopterans and Trichopterans.
Amplexiform
Type of wing coupling with an enlarged lobe-like area near the basal posterior margin. The coastal margin of the front wing possesses a small lobe at its base called fibula, which rests on the surface of the hind wings.
Jugal wing coupling
What are the 3 types of wing coupling?
- Amplexiform wing coupling
- Frenulo-retinacular wing coupling
- Jugal wing coupling
The abdomen has 10 - 11 segments, but primitively has 2 segments. [T/F]
True
