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Pathogens Flashcards

1
Q

Bacteria reproduce asexually through _______.

A

Binary fission

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2
Q

The shape of plant pathogenic bacteria.

A

Rod-shaped

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3
Q

The signs of infection of this pathogen are ooze, exudates, and offensive odor.

A

Bacteria

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4
Q

What pathogen is the cause of Bacterial blight of rice.

A

Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae

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5
Q

Bacterial wilt of solanaceous crops is caused by ________.

A

Ralstonia solanacearum

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6
Q

The bacteria that is responsible for the soft rot of vegetables.

A

Pectobacterium caratovorum pv. caratovorum

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7
Q

Bacterial stalk rot of corn caused by ____________.

A

Erwinia chrysanthemi pv. zeae

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8
Q

A prokaryotic pathogen that is unicellular and has a rigid cell wall, sometimes with a slime layer.

A

Bacteria

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9
Q

Bacterial ooze and bacterial exudates are sign of _______.

A

Bacterial Infection

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10
Q

Pathogens that are distinctly associated with the xylem and phloem.

A

Fastidious Vascular Bacteria

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11
Q

This pathogen is mostly gram negative. It is rod-shaped and has an undulating or rippled cell wall.

A

Fastidious Vascular Bacteria

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12
Q

Specific pathogen responsible for Pierce’s disease of grapes.

A

Xylella fastidiosa

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13
Q

Specific pathogen that causes huanglongbing or citrus greening disease

A

Liberobacter asiaticus

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14
Q

It refers to the cell, gametes, or a single-celled organism’s capability of motion.

A

Motility / Motile

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15
Q

Prokaryotic, lacks organized bounded nucleus, highly plemorphic, gram positive, wall-less, surrounded only by a unit membrane, facultative.

A

Mollicutes

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16
Q

Pathogen that can be trasmitted by vectors such as leafhopper, planthoppers, and psyllids, and mechanically transmitted through budding and grafting.

A

Mollicutes

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17
Q

A mollicute that causes corn stunt.

A

Spiroplasma kunkelii

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18
Q

A mollicute that causes coconut lethal yellowing.

A

Candidatus Phytoplasma palmae

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19
Q

The characteristic of a fungi referring to its lack of chlorophyll.

A

Achlorophyllous

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20
Q

The following are fungal groups, except:

• Phylum Basidiomycota
• Phylum Chytridiomycota
• Phylum Spiromycota
• Phylum Deuteromycota

A

Phylum Spiromycota

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21
Q

A eukaryotic organism that is achlorophyllous and spore-bearing.

A

Fungi

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22
Q

The branched, filamentous, vegetative unit of the fungi.

A

Hypha

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23
Q

The hypha is surrounded by a cell wall made up of _____ and ______.

A

Chitin and glucans.

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24
Q

An example of unicellular fungus.

A

Yeast

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25
Q

The majority of plant diseases are caused by this pathogen.

A

Fungi

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26
Q

Multicellular examples of fungi

A

Molds, parasitic fungi, bracket fungi

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27
Q

The reproductive unit of the fungi.

A

Spores

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28
Q

The fungi can reproduce sexually and asexually. True or false?

A

True

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29
Q

Fungi exist as saprophytes because they depend on __________________.

A

Dead organic matter

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30
Q

Organisms that depend on other living organisms for nutrients.

A

Parasites

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31
Q

These pathogens are important in decomposition and nutrient recycling.

A

Fungi

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32
Q

The fungal group that has resting sporangia or spores.

A

Phylum Chytridiomycota

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33
Q

Phylum Zygomycota: Zygospores
Phylum Deuteromycota: ___________

A

Conidia

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34
Q

Specific pathogen that causes rhizopus rot in strawberry.

A

Rhizopus stolonifer

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35
Q

Disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense.

A

Panama wilt of banana

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36
Q

Pathogens that are threadlike and have smooth, unsegmented bodies.

A

Nematodes

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37
Q

The body part of nematodes that they use to pierce tissues and cells.

A

Stylet

38
Q

Ectoparasite: Tylerchorhynchus
_____________: Rotylenchulus

A

Semi-endoparasite

39
Q

The ability of the pathogen to cause disease.

A

Pathogenicity

40
Q

The sequence of events that lead to disease development in a plant or in a population of plants.

A

Disease cycle

41
Q

The deposition of pathogen inoculum into or unto infection court.

A

Inoculation

42
Q

Any part of any pathogen that is capable of infection.

A

Inoculum

43
Q

Any part of the plant where the inoculum is deposited.

A

Infection court

44
Q

The stage where the pathogen starts to obtain nutrients from the host and becomes established in the host.

A

Infection

45
Q

The stage where the appearance of symptoms occur.

A

Infection

46
Q

Time interval from inoculation to appearance of symptoms.

A

Incubation period

47
Q

The stage where the pathogen goes through a period of dormancy or resting stage.

A

Survival period

48
Q

The event where the inocula are spread to other parts of the plant or other plants in the field.

A

Dissemination

49
Q

The two stages of the disease cycle.

A

Active stage and Survival Stage

50
Q

In the disease cycle, what stage is followed if the pathogen has disseminated after the symptom development?

A

Active Stage

51
Q

Pests that cause disease in plants/crops that reduce the yield and affect the growth of the plant negatively.

A

Plant Pathogen

52
Q

It is the scientific study of plant diseases that deals with their nature, characteristics, causes, development, and control.

A

Plant Pathology

53
Q

The ultimate objective of plant pathology.

A

To prevent or minimize plant diseases

54
Q

The pathogen that causes potato late blight, which led to the Irish potato famine in Ireland during the 1840s.

A

Phytophthora infestans

55
Q

Disease caused by Bipolaris oryzae

A

Brown spot of rice

56
Q

Disease caused by Hemileia vastatrix

A

Coffee rust

57
Q

Downy mildew of corn is caused by this pathogen.

A

Peronosclerospora philippinensis

58
Q

Tungro disease is transmitted by this disease vector.

A

Green leafhopper

59
Q

The coconut cadang-cadang is caused by a viroid. TRUE or FALSE?

A

TRUE

60
Q

Economic importance of plant diseases that refers to the changes in appearance, scars, blemishes, and spots that make the produce unattractive or unpleasant.

A

Loss of quality of the produce

61
Q

Sphaceloma citri causes this disease.

A

Citrus scab

62
Q

Citrus scab is caused by this pathogen.

A

Sphaceloma citri

63
Q

Pathogen that causes mango anthracnose.

A

Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

64
Q
  1. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides causes mango rot.
  2. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is used a mycoherbicide.

a) Only #1 is true.
b) Only #2 is true.
c) Both are true.
d) Both are false.

A

c) Both are true.

65
Q

Aspergillus flavus, a pathogen that infects corn, peanut, and copra, produces this mycotoxin that leads to aflatoxicosis through damage to the liver.

A

Aflatoxin

66
Q

This disease causes the production of sclerotial bodies which replace rye kernels, which contain toxic alkaloid ergot toxin,

A

Ergot disease of rye

67
Q

Sequence of events that leads to disease development in a plant or in a population of plants.

A

Disease cycle

68
Q

Any part of the plant where the inoculum is deposited.

A

Infection court

69
Q

Process of breaking the physical barrier between pathogen and the host.

A

Penetration or ingress

70
Q

This is where the pathogen starts to obtain nutrients from the host and becomes established in the host.

A

Infection

71
Q

This happens when there is an appearance of symptoms.

A

Infection

72
Q

Pathogen employs toxins, enzymes, growth hormones to parasitize the host and cause changes in the host.

True or False?

A

True

73
Q

The event where the pathogen invades the surrounding cells and tissues.

A

Colonization

74
Q

The event where the pathogen reproduces and multiplies.

A

Colonization

75
Q

The colonization of pathogens that occur only between the cells.

A

Intercellular colonization

76
Q

The colonization of pathogens that occurs within the cells.

A

Intracellular colonization

77
Q

There is no pathogen that can colonize the host both outside and within the cells.

True or False?

A

False.

Pathogens like fungi, bacteria, and nematodes can perform intracellular and intercellular colonization.

78
Q

The following are pathogens that can colonize the host in between the cells, except:

Bacteria
Mollicutes
Fungi
Nematodes

A

Mollicutes

Mollicutes colonize plants intercellularly.

79
Q

Which of the following is not a mechanism of pathogenicity?

a) Direct utilization of nutrients
b) Changes in production of the host
c) Block of metabolic pathways
d) Reduction of photosynthetic capacity

A

b) Changes in production of the host

It should be “Changes in reproduction of the host”.

80
Q

3 factors that need to be present in order for a plant disease to occur.

A
  1. Virulent Pathogen
  2. Susceptable Host
  3. Favorable Environmental Conditions
81
Q

Only 2 factors are needed for plant pathogen infection to occur.

True or False?

A

False

82
Q

The stage where the pathogen goes through a period of dormancy or resting stage.

A

Survival Stage

83
Q

The pathogen will go through the survival stage if the environment is still favorable enough.

True or False?

A

False.

The pathogen will go through the survival stage if the environment is no longer in favorable condition.

84
Q

The pathogen is no longer virulent, therefore it continues to be active.

Is the statement true or false?

A

False.

If the pathogen is no longer virulent, it will go through the survival stage where it will be dormant.

85
Q

The pathogen will go through the survival stage if there is no susceptible host available.

True or False?

A

True.

86
Q

Once the favorable conditions return, the dormant propagules will germinate and produce secondary inocula to start the disease cycle again.

True or False?

A

False.

The dormant propagules will produce primary inocula.

87
Q

It is also referred to as saprogenesis.

A

Survival stage

88
Q

It is also known as pathogenesis.

A

Active stage

89
Q

The stage in the disease cycle where the pathogen is infecting the host plant and causing disease.

A

Active Stage

90
Q

What are the two types of disease cycles?

A

Monocyclic and Polycyclic diseases.

Idk (7 decks)

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