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Pathogens Flashcards

1
Q

Bacteria reproduce asexually through _______.

A

Binary fission

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2
Q

The shape of plant pathogenic bacteria.

A

Rod-shaped

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3
Q

The signs of infection of this pathogen are ooze, exudates, and offensive odor.

A

Bacteria

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4
Q

What pathogen is the cause of Bacterial blight of rice.

A

Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae

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5
Q

Bacterial wilt of solanaceous crops is caused by ________.

A

Ralstonia solanacearum

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6
Q

The bacteria that is responsible for the soft rot of vegetables.

A

Pectobacterium caratovorum pv. caratovorum

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7
Q

Bacterial stalk rot of corn caused by ____________.

A

Erwinia chrysanthemi pv. zeae

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8
Q

A prokaryotic pathogen that is unicellular and has a rigid cell wall, sometimes with a slime layer.

A

Bacteria

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9
Q

Bacterial ooze and bacterial exudates are sign of _______.

A

Bacterial Infection

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10
Q

Pathogens that are distinctly associated with the xylem and phloem.

A

Fastidious Vascular Bacteria

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11
Q

This pathogen is mostly gram negative. It is rod-shaped and has an undulating or rippled cell wall.

A

Fastidious Vascular Bacteria

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12
Q

Specific pathogen responsible for Pierce’s disease of grapes.

A

Xylella fastidiosa

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13
Q

Specific pathogen that causes huanglongbing or citrus greening disease

A

Liberobacter asiaticus

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14
Q

It refers to the cell, gametes, or a single-celled organism’s capability of motion.

A

Motility / Motile

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15
Q

Prokaryotic, lacks organized bounded nucleus, highly plemorphic, gram positive, wall-less, surrounded only by a unit membrane, facultative.

A

Mollicutes

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16
Q

Pathogen that can be trasmitted by vectors such as leafhopper, planthoppers, and psyllids, and mechanically transmitted through budding and grafting.

A

Mollicutes

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17
Q

A mollicute that causes corn stunt.

A

Spiroplasma kunkelii

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18
Q

A mollicute that causes coconut lethal yellowing.

A

Candidatus Phytoplasma palmae

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19
Q

The characteristic of a fungi referring to its lack of chlorophyll.

A

Achlorophyllous

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20
Q

The following are fungal groups, except:

• Phylum Basidiomycota
• Phylum Chytridiomycota
• Phylum Spiromycota
• Phylum Deuteromycota

A

Phylum Spiromycota

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21
Q

A eukaryotic organism that is achlorophyllous and spore-bearing.

A

Fungi

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22
Q

The branched, filamentous, vegetative unit of the fungi.

A

Hypha

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23
Q

The hypha is surrounded by a cell wall made up of _____ and ______.

A

Chitin and glucans.

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24
Q

An example of unicellular fungus.

A

Yeast

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25
The majority of plant diseases are caused by this pathogen.
Fungi
26
Multicellular examples of fungi
Molds, parasitic fungi, bracket fungi
27
The reproductive unit of the fungi.
Spores
28
The fungi can reproduce sexually and asexually. True or false?
True
29
Fungi exist as saprophytes because they depend on __________________.
Dead organic matter
30
Organisms that depend on other living organisms for nutrients.
Parasites
31
These pathogens are important in decomposition and nutrient recycling.
Fungi
32
The fungal group that has resting sporangia or spores.
Phylum Chytridiomycota
33
Phylum Zygomycota: Zygospores Phylum Deuteromycota: ___________
Conidia
34
Specific pathogen that causes rhizopus rot in strawberry.
*Rhizopus stolonifer*
35
Disease caused by *Fusarium oxysporum* f.sp. *cubense*.
Panama wilt of banana
36
Pathogens that are threadlike and have smooth, unsegmented bodies.
Nematodes
37
The body part of nematodes that they use to pierce tissues and cells.
Stylet
38
Ectoparasite: *Tylerchorhynchus* _____________: *Rotylenchulus*
Semi-endoparasite
39
The ability of the pathogen to cause disease.
Pathogenicity
40
The sequence of events that lead to disease development in a plant or in a population of plants.
Disease cycle
41
The deposition of pathogen inoculum into or unto infection court.
Inoculation
42
Any part of any pathogen that is capable of infection.
Inoculum
43
Any part of the plant where the inoculum is deposited.
Infection court
44
The stage where the pathogen starts to obtain nutrients from the host and becomes established in the host.
Infection
45
The stage where the appearance of symptoms occur.
Infection
46
Time interval from inoculation to appearance of symptoms.
Incubation period
47
The stage where the pathogen goes through a period of dormancy or resting stage.
Survival period
48
The event where the inocula are spread to other parts of the plant or other plants in the field.
Dissemination
49
The two stages of the disease cycle.
Active stage and Survival Stage
50
In the disease cycle, what stage is followed if the pathogen has disseminated after the symptom development?
Active Stage
51
Pests that cause disease in plants/crops that reduce the yield and affect the growth of the plant negatively.
Plant Pathogen
52
It is the scientific study of plant diseases that deals with their nature, characteristics, causes, development, and control.
Plant Pathology
53
The ultimate objective of plant pathology.
To prevent or minimize plant diseases
54
The pathogen that causes potato late blight, which led to the Irish potato famine in Ireland during the 1840s.
*Phytophthora infestans*
55
Disease caused by *Bipolaris oryzae*
Brown spot of rice
56
Disease caused by *Hemileia vastatrix*
Coffee rust
57
Downy mildew of corn is caused by this pathogen.
*Peronosclerospora philippinensis*
58
Tungro disease is transmitted by this disease vector.
Green leafhopper
59
The coconut cadang-cadang is caused by a viroid. TRUE or FALSE?
TRUE
60
Economic importance of plant diseases that refers to the changes in appearance, scars, blemishes, and spots that make the produce unattractive or unpleasant.
Loss of quality of the produce
61
*Sphaceloma citri* causes this disease.
Citrus scab
62
Citrus scab is caused by this pathogen.
*Sphaceloma citri*
63
Pathogen that causes mango anthracnose.
*Colletotrichum gloeosporioides*
64
1. *Colletotrichum gloeosporioides* causes mango rot. 2. *Colletotrichum gloeosporioides* is used a mycoherbicide. a) Only #1 is true. b) Only #2 is true. c) Both are true. d) Both are false.
c) Both are true.
65
Aspergillus flavus, a pathogen that infects corn, peanut, and copra, produces this mycotoxin that leads to aflatoxicosis through damage to the liver.
Aflatoxin
66
This disease causes the production of sclerotial bodies which replace rye kernels, which contain toxic alkaloid ergot toxin,
Ergot disease of rye
67
Sequence of events that leads to disease development in a plant or in a population of plants.
Disease cycle
68
Any part of the plant where the inoculum is deposited.
Infection court
69
Process of breaking the physical barrier between pathogen and the host.
Penetration or ingress
70
This is where the pathogen starts to obtain nutrients from the host and becomes established in the host.
Infection
71
This happens when there is an appearance of symptoms.
Infection
72
Pathogen employs toxins, enzymes, growth hormones to parasitize the host and cause changes in the host. True or False?
True
73
The event where the pathogen invades the surrounding cells and tissues.
Colonization
74
The event where the pathogen reproduces and multiplies.
Colonization
75
The colonization of pathogens that occur only between the cells.
Intercellular colonization
76
The colonization of pathogens that occurs within the cells.
Intracellular colonization
77
There is no pathogen that can colonize the host both outside and within the cells. True or False?
False. Pathogens like fungi, bacteria, and nematodes can perform intracellular and intercellular colonization.
78
The following are pathogens that can colonize the host in between the cells, except: Bacteria Mollicutes Fungi Nematodes
Mollicutes Mollicutes colonize plants intercellularly.
79
Which of the following is not a mechanism of pathogenicity? a) Direct utilization of nutrients b) Changes in production of the host c) Block of metabolic pathways d) Reduction of photosynthetic capacity
b) Changes in production of the host It should be "Changes in **reproduction** of the host".
80
3 factors that need to be present in order for a plant disease to occur.
1. Virulent Pathogen 2. Susceptable Host 3. Favorable Environmental Conditions
81
Only 2 factors are needed for plant pathogen infection to occur. True or False?
False
82
The stage where the pathogen goes through a period of dormancy or resting stage.
Survival Stage
83
The pathogen will go through the survival stage if the environment is still favorable enough. True or False?
False. The pathogen will go through the survival stage if the environment is no longer in favorable condition.
84
The pathogen is no longer virulent, therefore it continues to be active. Is the statement true or false?
False. If the pathogen is no longer virulent, it will go through the survival stage where it will be dormant.
85
The pathogen will go through the survival stage if there is no susceptible host available. True or False?
True.
86
Once the favorable conditions return, the dormant propagules will germinate and produce secondary inocula to start the disease cycle again. True or False?
False. The dormant propagules will produce primary inocula.
87
It is also referred to as saprogenesis.
Survival stage
88
It is also known as pathogenesis.
Active stage
89
The stage in the disease cycle where the pathogen is infecting the host plant and causing disease.
Active Stage
90
What are the two types of disease cycles?
Monocyclic and Polycyclic diseases.

Idk (9 decks)

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