Animal science lecture part 2

Question 1

What is the resting osmotic pressure for an isotonic solution? How do this change from hypertonic to hypertonic?

Answer 1

300mOsm, as this increases in becomes more hypertonic ex.400

Question 2

What type of transport is voltage-gated channels?

Answer 2

passive transport

Question 3

carriers

Answer 3

Transport cells across the membrane using “flip-flop” activity

Question 4

What type of transport is Na/K pump

Answer 4

primary active transport

Question 5

Can you give an example secondary transport?

Answer 5

ATPase pump required the use of ATP to pump sodium and create a conc graident. Then a sodium carrier will transport sodium and Glucose will catch a ride.

Question 6

What establishes the cells intra cellular negative charge

Answer 6

The sodium-potassium leak channels and the ATPase pump activity

Question 6

What does the rate of transport depend on?

Answer 6

The number of carriers in a cell, it reaches saturation when no more carriers are available

Question 7

Action potential

Answer 7

the inside becomes more positive for a sec AKA depolarization

Question 8

When do Na+ channels open with the membrane potential vs time graph

Answer 8

at the threshold

Question 9

What is the peak membrane potential?

Answer 9

30 mv

Question 10

Why does the membrane hyperpolarize?

Answer 10

because the K channels are still open

Question 11

Juxtacrine signaling

Answer 11

a ligand on the surface of a cell binds to a receptor on the surface of another cell

Question 12

Paracine cell signaling

Answer 12

signal is sent to the cell to a near by cell

Question 13

autocrine cell signaling

Answer 13

cell secretes a hormone for itself

Question 14

Nurotransmitter

Answer 14

A ligand that is secreted by a neuron or signals to another neuron, involves paracrine signaling

Question 15

What is it called when a ligand is secreted into the blood

Answer 15

a hormone

Question 16

neuroendocrine signaling

Answer 16

a neuron secrets a ligand into the blood

Question 17

pheromone

Answer 17

ligand that is secreted outside the animal body to communicate to another animal

Question 18

Most common type of cell membrane receptor?

Answer 18

The transmembrane receptor: 7-transmembrane receptors

Question 19

where are the receptors for small ligands located?

Answer 19

Inside the cell cytoplasm, many of them are transcription factors

Question 20

Antagonist

Answer 20

A molecule that blocks the function of a ligand, usually involves binding to the ligand’s receptor and inactivating it.

Question 21

Agonist

Answer 21

contributes to the function of a ligand, binds to the receptor and activates it

Question 21

Functions of the skeletal muscle

Answer 21

Stores glucose as glycogen, help break and pump blood, moves and stabilizes animal limbs and joints

Question 22

Type 1 muscle

Answer 22

slower to contract but can contract for long periods of time, more red in appearance, endurance muscle

Question 23

Type 2 muscle

Answer 23

Pale in appearance, fast to contract and cant stay contracted for a long time

Question 24

review the screen shot of the 5 types of muscle

Answer 24

check

Question 25

Draw a muscle that includes the epimysium, perimysium, endomysium, fascicle, muscle fiber, and. myofibers (this is also screenshotted)

Answer 25

check

Question 26

Fascile

Answer 26

bundle of muscle fibers the perymesium wraps it

Question 27

muscle fiber

Answer 27

Skeletal muscle cell

Question 28

Characeristics of a muscle cell :

Answer 28

They are complete before birth, however, they do increase in size (hypertrophy) which is the increase in myofibrils

Question 29

What are the bands in myofibrils?

Answer 29

Dark A band and the Light I band

Question 30

sarcolemma

Answer 30

the muscle fibers plasma or cell membrane

Question 31

Sarcoplasma

Answer 31

the cytoplasm of the muscle fiber

Question 32

Sarcoplasmic Reticulium

Answer 32

Muscle fiber endoplasmic reticulum that surrounds myofibrils and contains calcium

Question 33

T-tube

Answer 33

Tubes that form from the sarcolemma and transverse, at right angles, into the interior of the muscle fiber. Send action potentials into the interior of the fiber

Question 34

Thick myofilaments

Answer 34

myosin proteins

Question 35

thin myofilaments

Answer 35

Strands of actin

Question 36

What controls skeletal contraction?

Answer 36

Motor neurons

Question 37

E neuron terminals contain how many muscle fibers?

Answer 37

one

Question 38

motor neuron

Answer 38

the neuron and all the muscle fibers that control it

Question 39

Neuromuscular junction

Answer 39

Where the neuron terminal contacts the fiber and releases a neurotransmitter

Question 40

go over the neuron and the muscle fiber contraction steps. Lecture 4 at the end

Answer 40

check