Cardiovascular test part 2

Question 1

Olfactory glomeruli

Answer 1

cluster of ball like structures that smell
collection centers” where neurons for a specific odor molecule converge on mitral cells

Question 2

flehming response

Answer 2

open nasal passageway so that pheromones can reach the VMO

Question 3

What is the endocrine system?

Answer 3

A system of glands or tissues that secrete
hormones into the blood to regulate animal homeostasis and physiology
-has a slow rate of change compared to nervous system

Question 4

Endocrinology

Answer 4

The study of endocrine glands, their secretion of hormones
into the blood and the effects of endocrine hormones on tissues

Question 5

what did Arnold Berthhold’s research support?

Answer 5

That the endocrine system secrete hormones into the blood (can reach many parts of the body)

Question 6

Compensatory hypertrophy

Answer 6

a increase in the size or an organ to compensate for the the lack of another

Question 7

basal or tonic hormone secretion

Answer 7

constant low hormone secretion

Question 8

sustained hormone secretion

Answer 8

constant high hormone secretion

Question 9

episodic hormone secretion

Answer 9

secreting hormones in pulses, common for neuroendocrine hormones, related to the action potential to the neuron

Question 10

negative feedback loop example

Answer 10

thyroid hormone acts as an inhibitor

Question 11

Postive feedback loop example

Answer 11

Oxytocin acts as a stimulator and to smooth muscle contraction

Question 12

the pituitary gland consits of two glands-

Answer 12

anterior and posterior pituitary

Question 13

hypothalamic nuclei

Answer 13

Groups of nerve cell bodies that respond to specific sensory
information and release
neuroendocrine hormones into the
anterior or posterior pituitary

Question 14

What does the posterior pituitary produce?

Answer 14

oxytocin and vasopressin

Question 15

oxytoin does what

Answer 15

stimulates milk ejection and uterine contraction in females

Question 16

vasopressin contributes to

Answer 16

water retention and regulates blood pressure

Question 17

Where does vasopressin go to?

Answer 17

Nephrons in the kidneys and/or arterioles throughout the blood

Question 18

where does oxytocin go to

Answer 18

uterus and mammary glands

Question 19

Ferguson reflex

Answer 19

Contraction of smooth muscle in uterus for parturition (birthing
process)

Question 20

Milk let-down reflex

Answer 20

Contraction of smooth muscle in mammary gland for milk ejection

Question 21

What does AVP binding to V2R do in kidney

Answer 21

increases aquaporin
activity

Question 22

central diabetes insipidus

Answer 22

damage to the pituitary gland affecting the storage and release of Vasopressin/ADH

Question 23

polydipsia

Answer 23

excessive drinking

Question 24

polyuria

Answer 24

excessive urination

Question 25

Hypothalamic- Hypophyseal (HH)- Blood Portal System

Answer 25

Allows for small quantities of neuroendocrine hormones to act on cells in the anterior pituitary before they are diluted by the general circulation

Question 26

In the Human anterior pituitary what do Acidophiles look like

Answer 26

(dark red) lactotropes or somatotropes

Question 27

What do the Basophiles look like in the anterior pituaitary under a microscope

Answer 27

light pink; gonadotropes or thyrotropes

Question 28

Chromophobes (little to no stain) are called

Answer 28

corticotropes

Question 29

Trope cells of anterior pituitary secrete what

Answer 29

anterior pituitary hormones into general blood circulation

Question 30

neurons in the hypothamumus secret

Answer 30

releasing and inhibiting neuroendocrine hormones

Question 31

lactrotrophe cells produce what

Answer 31

porlactin (PRL)

Question 32

What chemical reguates the prolactin realease

Answer 32

dopomine

Question 33

What does porlactin simulate

Answer 33

mammary gland growth and production of milk factors

Question 34

Prolactinoma

Answer 34

Most common type of pituitary tumor. Causes hyperprolactinemia or excessive prolactin secretion

Question 35

Hyperprolactinemia

Answer 35

can cause infertility in females and males and it can lead to erectile dysfunction and low libido.

Question 36

Galactorrhea

Answer 36

abnormal mammary secretions. Can occur in males

Question 37

What happens when vasopressin enters the kidneys

Answer 37

increases water permeability of distal and collecting tublues

Question 38

What happens when vassopressin goes to arterioles

Answer 38

causes vasoconstriction;the narrowing and constriction of the blood vessels