AnimalKingdomLEC28

Question 0

do animals have cell walls?

Answer 0

no

Question 1

how long has kingdom animalia been around?

Answer 1

for billions of years

*has huge diversity of species, but extinct onces are more huge

Question 3

what are the characteristics of animals?

Answer 3

• multicellular
• heterotrophic
• eukaryotes with layers of tissues

Question 4

what does animals only have that other kingdoms don’t?

Answer 4

nerve & muscle tissues

Question 5

how do animals reproduce? what stage dominate their life cycle?

Answer 5

• sexually

- diploid

Question 6

after a zygote divides, what does it form into?

Answer 6

a ball of cells called blastula

Question 7

what is a gastrula?

Answer 7

a hollow embryo formed from a blastula

Question 8

what is a ectoderm & endoderm? which one will develope into the digestive system?

Answer 8

• the outer & inner layers of the embryo when gastrula is formed
• the endoderm

Question 9

what is the common ancestor of all living animals? when did they evolved?

Answer 9

• a flagellated colonial protist

- about 1.2 bya

Question 10

what is one of the earliest animals on earth? where were they discovered?

Answer 10

• ediacaran fauna that were soft-bodied & small
• australia
• may included sponges & jellyfishes that dominated the seas for millions of years

Question 11

what happened during the cambrian explosion 540 mya?

Answer 11

the sudden appearance of animals including predators & preys

*many died in mass extinction

Question 12

when did coral reefs became the first important marine habitats? what were the dominant terrestrial vertebrates at this time?

Answer 12

• during the mesoic era, 250-65 mya

- dinosaurs

Question 13

how did our era began?

Answer 13

with the mass extinction of most animals

*cenozoic era, 65 mya to present

Question 14

what living things diversified rapidly during the cenozoic era?

Answer 14

mammals, insects, & angiosperms

Question 15

animals can be categorized according to what symmetries?

Answer 15

• radial, divides into mirror images through center
  ex. starfishs & sand dollars
• bilateral, divides into mirror halves
  ex. lobsters & shovels

Question 16

bilateral symmetric animals have what sides & ends?

Answer 16

• dorsal(top) & ventral(bottom) sides

- anterior(head) & posterior(tail) ends

Question 17

what is cephalization?

Answer 17

the developement of the head

Question 18

what are tissues?

Answer 18

collection of specialized cells seperated by membranes

Question 19

what can tell us a lot about our evolution?

Answer 19

our embryos

*the way our bodies develop can mimic the way we evolve

Question 20

how many groups of phyla of animals are currently recognized by zoologists?

Answer 20

35

Question 21

what are the animal phylum porifera?

ex. sponges

Answer 21

basal animals that lacks true tissues

*different from other animals & the first to split off

Question 22

what are the animal phylum eumetazoa?

Answer 22

animals with true tissues

*like us

Question 23

what are the animal phylum cnidaria?

ex. jellyfishes

Answer 23

diploblastic(has 2 layers of tissues) animals

Question 24

most animals are in what clade?

Answer 24

bilateria

*they are triploblastic

Question 25

what are the 3 branches of bilateria?

Answer 25

• acoelomates, no cavities
  ex. animal version of non-vascular plants, planarians flatworms ediacaran fauna
• pseudocoelomates, simple cavities
  ex. roundworms/nematodes
• coelomates, true body cavity called coelom
  ex. earthworms

Question 26

what are the 2 branches of coelomates?

Answer 26

• protostomes - annelid worms, mollusks, & arthropods
• deuterostomes - echinoderms & chordates
  ex. starfish & angel fish

Question 27

what do arthropods shed during molting?

ex. 17 years locust, crabs

Answer 27

their exoskeletons