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Biology 11 > Animals > Flashcards

Animals Flashcards

1
Q

What characteristics do all animals share? (4)

A

Multicellular, Eucaryotic, Heterotrophic, Moves

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2
Q

What are the different types of heterotrophs? (vore) in animals(4)

A

Carnivore, Herbivore, Omnivore, Parasites.

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3
Q

What is the difference between complete metamorphosis and incomplete metamorphosis?

A

Complete means complete change

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4
Q

Define bilateral symmetry.

A

You can only cut an organism in one way in order for them to be symmetrical.

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5
Q

Define radial symmetry.

A

You can cut an organism in any way, and they will be symmetrical. (As long as they are through the centre)

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6
Q

Define asymmetry.

A

No

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7
Q

What is ectoderm?

A

It is the outer layer of the body. It gives rise to skin, nervous system, feathers, scales, hair, nails. Anything is on the outside, it is ectoderm.

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8
Q

What are the three types of symmetry in animals?

A

Bilateral, Radial, asymmetrical

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9
Q

What is endoderm?

A

They are on the inside, kind of like the layer of skin in your mouth, your tube and you digestive system.

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10
Q

What do you call anything in between ectoderm and endoderm?

A

Mesoderm.

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11
Q

What is the difference between a diploblast and a triploblast?

A

Diploblast has two skin layers, but triploblast has three. Mesoderm is only present in triploblast.

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12
Q

T/F: Diploblast is the only one that has mesoderm.

A

False, Mesoderm is only present in triploblast.

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13
Q

What are the two types of metamorphosis?

A

Complete, incomplete

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14
Q

What are the two types of digestive body plans?

A

Complete, incomplete

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15
Q

What is the difference between the complete and incomplete body plan?

A

2/1 digestive entry/exit

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16
Q

What is coelom? (pronounced sea-lum)

A

Coelum is what fills between organs and body wall.

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17
Q

T/F: Organ is concealed inside the coelum

A

True

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18
Q

What is difference between pseudocoelomate and coelomate?

A

Psudo- means that it is not complete covered by coelum. This probably means that one of the borders is shared by endoderm.

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19
Q

What is a protome(?) / protostome

A

The first indent made is a mouth.

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20
Q

What is a deuterostome?

A

The first indent made a anus

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21
Q

What are the two types of development, then made a dent?

A

Protostome and deuterostome

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22
Q

What are the three types of coleom?

A

Acoelomate, Coelomate, Pseudocoelomate

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23
Q

What does sessile mean?

A

Don’t move

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24
Q

What does monoecious and hermaphrodite mean?

A

It has both sexes on same organism

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25
Q

What does filter feeders mean?

A

It eat whatever they can catch (stationary)

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26
Q

What are choanocytes?

A

Collar cells, they have flagellum to beat water to try and eat anything.

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27
Q

What do you call any organisms that eats whatever they can catch?

A

Filter feeders

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28
Q

What is the scientific name of collar cells?

A

Choanocytes

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29
Q

What is the term for both sexes on the same organism?

A

Monoecious or hermaphrodite

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30
Q

What do you call things that don’t move?

A

You - jkjk - Sessile

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31
Q

What do amoebocytes do in a sponge?

A

Everything

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32
Q

What organism have amoebocytes?

A

Sponges

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33
Q

What are the three materials that spicules can be made of?

A

Silica (Siliceous, spongin, calcium/calcareous)

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34
Q

What is the osculum?

A

Top of the sponge.

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35
Q

What do you call the top of the sponge?

A

Osculum

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36
Q

For a sponge, where are the food filtered?

A

At the collar

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37
Q

For a sponge, how do they digest food?

A

Endocytotsis, or it gets passed onto another cell (amoebocyte)

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38
Q

What are three jobs that amoebocytes must do?

A

Transport food, makes sex cells, and make spicules.

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39
Q

What is the role of gemmules?

A

They are sphere shaped collection of amebocytes surrounded by a tough layer of spicules, they can exist for long periods of time.

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40
Q

How do sponges get their food?

A

They are filter feeders, they pump water, and trap whatever nutrients that may pass through them.

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41
Q

Water enters the sponge through what?

A

Incurrent pore

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42
Q

What exits the sponge through what?

A

Osculum

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43
Q

What cells help the circulation of water in sponges?

A

Collar cells / choanocytes

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44
Q

What two substances give the sponge support?

A

Spongia, Spicules

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45
Q

What are epithelials?

A

They are cells on the outside of the sponge.

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46
Q

What do you call cells that are on the outer surface of the sponge?

A

Epithelials.

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47
Q

Cnidaria has what general characteristics?

A

Stinging cells

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48
Q

What symmetry do Cnidarias have?

A

Radial

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49
Q

Cnidarias have two body plans:

A

Tubular (polyp) (pointing up), and bell-shaped (medusa) (pointing down)

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50
Q

What is polyp?

A

Tubular body plan for Cnidarias that is pointing up.

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51
Q

How many layers of tissues does Cnidarias have?

A

2

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52
Q

How many layers of tissue does Poriforas have?

A

0

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53
Q

What is medusa?

A

Bell shaped body plan for Cnidarias, pointing down

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54
Q

What is the difference between monoecious and dioecious?

A

Monoecious means that reproductive organs of both sexes are present in the same organism, but the dioecious means that reproductive organs are not present in the same organism, and only one of them are present.

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55
Q

What is mesoglea?

A

They are squishy stuff in cniderias.

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56
Q

Does medusa have more mesglea then polyp?

A

Yes

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57
Q

What do you call squishy stuff found in Cniderias?

A

Mesoglea

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58
Q

Name the two functions of the gastrovascular cavity?

A

Digest and the movement of materials.

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59
Q

What do you call stinging cells?

A

Cnidocyte

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60
Q

Cnidocyte has a capsule called…

A

Nematocyst

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61
Q

Nematocyst contains what?

A

A long coiled thread / paralyzing toxins

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62
Q

What can nematocytes be fill with?

A

Paralyzing toxins

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63
Q

What is a nematocyst?

A

They are a capsule in cnidocytes that can sting others.

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64
Q

Cnidocytes are known as what cells?

A

Stinging cells

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65
Q

T/F: Cnidarias only reproduce asexually.

A

False, it depends.

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66
Q

Explain hope and pray reproduction.

A

Medusas produces sperms and eggs into the water, hoping that they will come together.

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67
Q

T/F: Hope and pray reproduction only happens with the medusa form.

A

True.

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67
Q

How do Polyps reproduce?

A

They produces asexually through budding or fragmentation. (They could produce sexually as well?)

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68
Q

T/F: Fragmentation happens with both medusas and polyps.

A

True

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69
Q

Do cnidarias have muscle tissues?

A

Yes

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70
Q

Do poriferas have nerves?

A

No.

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71
Q

Do cnidarias have nerves

A

Yes

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72
Q

What types of nerves do cnidarias have?

A

Nerve nets

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73
Q

What is statocysts and what is their functions?

A

They are for balance and to keep upright.

74
Q

What is ocelli and what is their function?

A

They are the eyes, they detect quantity and quality of lights.

75
Q

T/F: Polyp has more more sensory cells.

A

False, Medusas do.

76
Q

What do you call organisms with two germ layers?

A

Diploblasts

77
Q

What do you call organisms with three germ layers?

A

Triploblasts.

78
Q

Diploblasts have a lack of which layer?

A

Mesoderm.

79
Q

What do you call triploblasts that do not develop a coelom?

A

Acoelomates

80
Q

What do you call the large central cavity in the sponge?

A

Spongocoel.

81
Q

What do you call the jelly like substance that separates the choanocytes and the outside germ cells?

A

Mesohyl.

82
Q

What is a spongocoel?

A

It is the large cavity at the center of a sponge.

83
Q

What is a mesohyl?

A

It is the jelly like substance that separates the outside germ cells (epilitherial) and the choanocytes.

84
Q

What do you call digestion that takes place with cells directly?

A

Intracellular digestion.

85
Q

Explain intracellular digestion.

A

The food is digested through phagocytosis.

86
Q

T/F: Cnidarians perform intracellular digestion.

A

False, they perform extracellular digestion.

87
Q

Where is the food taken into inside a cnidaria?

A

Gastrovascular cavity.

88
Q

What is Cephalization?

A

All sensory organs are in the head region.

89
Q

How many layers of skin in flat worms?

A

Three

90
Q

How many reproductive organs does flat worm phylum have?

A

One for both sexes (or two)

91
Q

Does flat worms have coelom? What is this called?

A

Acoelomates, no coelom.

92
Q

What is the internal transport of flat worm phylum?

A

Gastrovascular cavity.

93
Q

How does tape worms take in food?

A

Sucks in through the pharynx.

94
Q

How do tape worm phylum reproduce?

A

Fragmentation.

95
Q

What are the two functions of intestines inside worm?

A

Digestion and absorption.

96
Q

What four characters in earth worms do you see?

A

Bilateral, segments, heterotrophs, eukaryotic.

97
Q

What divides segmented worms?

A

Septum/Septa?

98
Q

What is Septum/Septa?

A

It divides segmented worms into parts.

99
Q

What is a closed circulatory system?

A

Blood will only pass through specific veins.

100
Q

What is responsible for internal transports in segmented worms?

A

circulatory system.

101
Q

How does air go into segmented worms?

A

diffusion.

102
Q

What are the two types of muscles in worms?

A

Circular, longitudinal

103
Q

What is the circular muscle’s function

A

Contracts, expands

104
Q

What is the function of crop?

A

Temperory food storage?

105
Q

What is the function of the gizzard?

A

They’re the teeth of the worm.

106
Q

What the function of the clitellum?

A

It forms mucus ring around another worm and exchange (pick up) sperm and eggs.

107
Q

What does Echinodermata’s mean?

A

“Spiny skin”

108
Q

What symmetry does an Echinodermata have?

A

Pentaradial symmetry

109
Q

What type of skeleton does an Echinodermata have?

A

Endoskeleton made of calcium carbonate.

110
Q

What phylum has a watervascular system?

A

Echinodermata “Spiky Skin”

111
Q

What are the four jobs of the watervascular stem?

A

locomotion, respiration, excretion, and feeding.

112
Q

How does a starfish eat?

A

By throwing its stomach out of its mouth.

113
Q

What stomach is being thrown at the food for a starfish?

A

Cardiac stomach

114
Q

What is responsible for star fish’s internal transport?

A

Digestive glands

115
Q

What is a pedicellate?

A

It is the defense mechanism.

116
Q

What are the three things that are responsible of sensory cells?

A

Chemicals, ocelli, and statocysts

117
Q

What is a sieve plate?

A

It’s on sea stars, it lets water in, powering the hydraulic system.

118
Q

What is a gonad?

A

Gonads are ovaries and testes that run down the arm for external fertilization.

119
Q

What is responsible for reproduction with sea stars?

A

Gonads.

120
Q

What does the sea star need to regenrate?

A

central disk.

121
Q

What does visceral mass contain?

A

All the internal organs.

122
Q

Name four things phylum Mollusca has.

A

A shell (maybe but made always made from calcium carbonate), a visceral mass / internal organ mass stuff, a mantle that covers the visceral mass, and a foot - the ventral muscular foot

123
Q

What does the mantle do for the phylum Mollusca?

A

Cover the visceral mass?

124
Q

Does all Mollusca have shells?

A

No

125
Q

What are all shells made of?

A

Calcium Carbonate.

126
Q

What is a radula?

A

A tongue that has tiny little teeth that scrapes food into its mouth.

127
Q

Are Mollusca Acoelomate?

A

NO, they are Coelomate.

128
Q

How is the radula supported?

A

It is supported by a rod of cartilage.

129
Q

Does the phylum Mollusca only are carnivores?

A

No, they could be herbivores, carnivores, and filter feeders

130
Q

Describe the difference between open and closed circulatory system.

A

In a closed system, blood is only in the veins. In an open system. The blood kinda just hangs around.

131
Q

What is hemolymph

A

Blood + intestinal fluid?

132
Q

What are the three hearts in a squid

A

2 Gill hearts. 1 Systemic hearts.

133
Q

How do Mollsucs perform respiration

A

Gills if underwater, lungs if land.

134
Q

How does solid waste go through Molluscas?

A

Anus

135
Q

How does liquid waste go through Molluscas?

A

Nephridia.

136
Q

What is chromatopores?

A

It could be used to flash lights at predators or blend in. Color changing.

137
Q

Are snails diecious?

A

No, they are monecious/hermaphrodite

138
Q

Are squids and octopuses diecious?

A

Yes, they use hope and pray method.

139
Q

What are the three possibilities of reproduction in Molluscs?

A

Hope and Pray, Self-fertilization, fertilization inside females.

140
Q

Class Gastropod means?

A

Stomach-footed

141
Q

How does the class gastopod move?

A

They have muscles that contract. (stomach foot?)

142
Q

Class Cephalopods means?

A

“Head-footed”

143
Q

Do Mollusks have ventral nerve cords?

A

Yes.

144
Q

Do mollusks have mantle cavity that contains hemolymph?

A

No.

145
Q

What is hemolymph?

A

They are blood-like structures for Mollusks, arachnids, and insects.

146
Q

What is nephridia?

A

They are responsible for removing nitrogenous waste.

147
Q

What is responsible for removing nitrogenous waste in earthworms?

A

Nephridia / nephridium

148
Q

What does Arthropoda mean?

A

Jointed

149
Q

What are Arthropoda’s exoskeleton made of?

A

Chiton

150
Q

What organisms have exoskeletons made of chiton?

A

Arthropoda

151
Q

Arthropodas have endo/exo skeleton

A

Exo

152
Q

Name the three parts that make up the body plan of a Arthropoda

A

Head, Thorax, Abdomen

153
Q

Arthropoda has open/closed circulatory system

A

open

154
Q

What phylum has compound eye?

A

Arthropoda

155
Q

What is molting

A

Growing out of an exoskeleton

156
Q

What do you call growing out of an exoskeleton?

A

Molting.

157
Q

What do arthropods hide after momlting?

A

They do not have a skeleton, they have to wait until it grows

158
Q

Explain spiracles in Arthropoda

A

When an Arthropoda moves, spiracles open up and air is exchanged.

159
Q

What are the three ways Arthropods can breathe?

A

Tracheal system, book lungs, gills

160
Q

What is a Cephlothorax?

A

The head and the thorax are fused together.

161
Q

Which phylum uses Malpighian Tubules?

A

Arthropoda

162
Q

What is Malpighian Tubules?

A

They are primitive kidney that gives out liquid waste

163
Q

What do earthworms and Arthropods excrete?

A

Diffusion-ish

164
Q

What is part of the subphylum Chelicerata?

A

Spiders, ticks, scorpions, mites, and horseshoe crabs

165
Q

Subphylum Chelicerata have how many pairs of legs and how many to walk?

A

6, 4

166
Q

What is Chelicerae?

A

Claws / fangs

167
Q

What is pedipalps?

A

Used for feeding, sensing, transferring sperm in spider-like subphylum/

168
Q

What is used for feeding, sensing, transferring sperm in spider-like subphylum?

A

Pedipalps.

169
Q

What is part of Crustacea?

A

Shrimps, barnacles, crabs, pillbugs, woodbugs.

170
Q

Do crustacea need to be dry at all times due to their lungs?

A

FALSE - they need to be wet at all times due to their gills.

171
Q

What is the difference between centipedes and millipedes

A

Centipedes have a set of legs per segment, but in millipede, they have two set of legs per segment. Centipedes are flat but millipedes are round.

172
Q

What does hexapoda mean?

A

It has six legs.

173
Q

What does vertebrae mean?

A

Has backbone.

174
Q

What are the four common characteristics of phylum Chordata?

A
  1. They have Notochord (they are backbone!)
  2. Hollow dorsal nerve chord (spinal chord!)
  3. Gill slits or pouches (We had some gill pouches when we were human embryos!)
  4. Postanal tail (Tailbone!)
175
Q

What are the three common traits in the subphylum vertebrata?

A

Paired appendages
Closed circulatory system
Endoskeleton

176
Q

What does cold blooded mean?

A

Body temperature dependent on the environment.

177
Q

What is the scientific name for cold blooded?

A

Ectotherm

178
Q

What do you call the big nose on shrimp?

A

Rostrum.

179
Q

Describe the pairs of legs from head to toe in shrimps

A

Maxilipeds, cheliped, pereipod, pleopod

180
Q

What is the rectum?

A

It stores waste

181
Q

Name two things that distinct mammals to other things

A

The mother can produce milk, there is hair/
fur on the animal.

182
Q

What are monotremes?

A

Biology 11 (6 decks)

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