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Biology 11 > Introduction to plants > Flashcards

Introduction to plants Flashcards

1
Q

T/F: All plants are photosynthetic organisms.

A

False: Most of them, but a few parasitic forms have lost the ability to photosynthesize.

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2
Q

T/F: All plants have cell walls

A

True

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3
Q

What do cell walls contain?

A

Cellulose

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4
Q

What is the definition of “indeterminate growth” presented in plant cells?

A

It means they do not have a final body form, and they will keep growing until they die.

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5
Q

Water provides ________ to the algae so they can stay afloat. On land, plants need to develop _________ _______ in air

A

buoyancy, structural support

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6
Q

What is the definition of “desiccation?”

A

Drying out

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7
Q

Both _______ and _______ must be protected from drying out

A

gametes, zygotes

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8
Q

The male gametes must reach the female gametes on land using new strategies since ________ is not an option

A

swimming

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9
Q

The ability to reproduce IN KIND is a basic characteristic of all living things. What does IN KIND mean?

A

The offspring of any organism closely resembles its parent or parents. Ex. A donkey will not give birth to a North Atlantic right whale, a birch tree will not drop seeds that will grow into a cactus.

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10
Q

Does in kind means the offspring is EXACTLY the same as their parents?

A

NO

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11
Q

What is the name of the process which makes genetically identical clones? (hint: it’s also the process of cell division)

A

Mitosis/mitotic

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12
Q

Haploid cell + haploid cell =

A

Diploid cell

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13
Q

T/F: In multicellular organisms, the new haploid cell (formed from two diploid cells) will then undergo meiosis cell division to develop an adult organism.

A

False, In multicellular organisms, the new DIPLOID cell (formed from two HAPLOID cells) will then undergo MITOSIS cell division to develop an adult organism.

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14
Q

___________ alternates with _______ in sexual life cycles.

A

Fertilization, meiosis

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15
Q

T/F: the process of meiosis reduces the resulting gamete’s chromosome number by half.

A

True

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16
Q

T/F Fertilization joins two haploid gametes to restore the diploid condition.

A

True

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17
Q

Name the three main categories of life cycles in multicellular organisms:

A

diploid-dominant, haploid-dominant, alternation of generations.

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18
Q

Most animals including humans are _______-dominant, in which the multicellular ______ stage is the most obvious life stage, and there is no multicellular _______ stage.

A

diploid, diploid, haploid

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19
Q

All fungi and some algae are _______-dominant, in which the multicellular ______ stage is the most obvious life stage, and there is no multicellular _______ stage.

A

haploid, haploid, diploid

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20
Q

Alternation of generation, which haploid and diploid are apparent to one degree or another, happens with ______ and some algae.

A

plants

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21
Q

Gametes are produced from _____ germ cells.

A

diploid

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22
Q

Nearly all animals employ a _______-dominant life cycle. The only haploid cells produced by the organism are the _______

A

diploid, gametes.

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23
Q

What are germ cells

A

Special cells that only produce gametes.

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24
Q

T/F: germ cells can divide endlessly.

A

False, Once the
haploid gametes are formed, they lose the ability to divide again.

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25
Q

T/F: for animals, multicellular haploid life stage can still occur.

A

False

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26
Q

___________ occurs with the fusion of two _______, usually from different individuals, restoring the _____ state.

A

Fertilization, gametes, diploid

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27
Q

When two gametes are fused together, the result cell is known as a:

A

Zygote

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28
Q

Ploidy level: the number of sets of __________ in a cell.

A

chromosomes

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29
Q

Haploid cells contain ___ set of chromosomes while diploids contain ___

A

one, two.

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30
Q

T/F: One cycle of meiosis will split the haploid into diploids.

A

False. a DIPLOID split into a HAPLOID.

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31
Q

What does somatic cell mean?

A

Somatic cells are the nonreproductive cells of a multicellular organism

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32
Q

In synapsis, the genes on the chromatids of the homologous chromosomes are _______

A

aligned.

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33
Q

______ ____: an exchange of chromosome segments between non-sister homologous chromatids.

A

Crossing over

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34
Q

The interphase happens before a meiosis. The cell would be _______, there will be replication of ___, and carrying out cell functions and processes (hint: amoeba sisters)

A

growth, DNA

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35
Q

How many chromosomes does a human diploid cell have?

A

46

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36
Q

How many chromosomes does a human haploid cell have?

A

23

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37
Q

What is 2n defined as?

A

Diploid

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38
Q

What is n defined as?

A

Haploid

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39
Q

The process of meiosis turns one cell into ____

A

four.

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40
Q

The gametophytes makes_______

A

gametes.

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41
Q

T/F: Gametes are diploid cells

A

False

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42
Q

T/F: Zygote are diploid cells

A

True

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43
Q

T/F: Zygotes are multicellular

A

False

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44
Q

Gametophytes makes ______

A

gametes

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45
Q

T/F: Gametes are multicellular

A

False.

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46
Q

T/F: Zygotes are diploid.

A

True

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47
Q

T/F: Algae are usually in the kingdom plante

A

True…Usually…

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48
Q

T/F: There are algae that lives on land.

A

False

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49
Q

T/F: Algae have leaves

A

False

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50
Q

T/F: Algae has no roots, stems, leaves.

A

True

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51
Q

T/F: Stems are needed for algae to survive.

A

False, algae have no stems

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52
Q

T/F: algae have vascular tissue and internal systems to move gases and nutrients

A

False

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53
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Movement of materials against the gradient.

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54
Q

How do algae consume?

A

Using diffusion

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55
Q

T/F: diffusion is efficient and fast.

A

False

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56
Q

Why does diffusion work with algae

A

They are bathed in food, which is water.

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57
Q

T/F: algae grows in ice.

A

True

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58
Q

T/F: Algae all share chlorophyll A

A

True

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59
Q

Different chlorophylls absorb different __________

A

wavelengths (of light, duh).

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60
Q

T/F: Water absorbs red, yellow, and green.

A

True.

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61
Q

Water ______ certain ______ on the surface.

A

absorbs, lights/wavelengths

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62
Q

T/F: All algae are green.

A

False

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63
Q

Plants are all phototropic autotrophs. What does autotroph mean?

A

It produces its own food.

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64
Q

What is the chemical equation of photosynthesis?

A

[6]H2O + [6]CO2 -> (Energy, Chlorophyll) C6H12O6 + 6O2

{Weakling explanation: Water + Carbon Dioxide + Energy & Chlorophyll -> Glucose + Oxygen}

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65
Q

T/F: all plants are eukaryotic.

A

True

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66
Q

T/F: All plants do not have a nucleus.

A

False (Why would you think that??)

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67
Q

T/F: All plants remain stationary.

A

True

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68
Q

T/F: Ferns and mosses are vascular plants.

A

False, they do not have tube-like structures that transport water like say, an apple tree.

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69
Q

Diploid cells can be made from the cellular division process known as _______ while haploid cells are made from _______

A

mitosis, meiosis.

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70
Q

The _____phyte is a _______ / 2N generation that will produce ______ with meiosis, which will grow (mitosis) into ______phyte. (Hint, partial words are completed)

A

sporo, diploid, spores, gameto

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71
Q

The ______phyte is a ______ / 1N generation that will produce gametes with _______, also known as cell duplication/division. They will undergo ____________ which they will become a zygote, then grow into a sporophyte again. (Hint: the first word is partially completed)

A

gameto, haploid, mitosis, fertilization

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72
Q

T/F: Plants first appeared on land, then adapted to live in water.

A

False

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73
Q

T/F: Different plant groups have different dominant generations (sporophyte or gametophyte).

A

True

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74
Q

T/F: Most algae have flagella at some point in their life cycle.

A

True

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75
Q

Algae cells often contain pyrenoids, which are _________ that ________ and _____ starch and is sometimes called starch granule.

A

organelles, synthesizes, stores

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76
Q

T/F: Lichens are a symbiotic relationship between a moss and a fern. A moss gives a water source, while a fern will give sunlight.

A

FALSE! LIES! DO NOT TRUST! Lichens are a symbiotic relationship between an alga, (sometimes a bacteria), and a fungi. Alga gives carbon and energy, while a fungi gives protection and water.

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77
Q

There are three types of lichens: _______ (think foliage) which grows top to bottom, fruticose which _____ _______, and finally ________ which is like a _____

A

foliose, grows, outwards, crustose, crust

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78
Q

Biologists believe that green _____ is the common ancestors to ____ plants.

A

algae, land

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79
Q

T/F: Carotenoids help absorb water.

A

False, carotenoids help absorb light.

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80
Q

T/F: Green algae and plants both store food as starch.

A

True

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81
Q

T/F Flagella is the plural form of flagellum.

A

True

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82
Q

What is the plural form of mitochondrium?

A

Mitochondria

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83
Q

Flagella looks like…

A

A long thing that comes off of the cell

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84
Q

T/F: Cilium is the plural form of cilia

A

False

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85
Q

T/F: Flagella are numerous and short hair-like, while cilia are long, but not so numerous.

A

False, CILIA are numerous and short hair-like, while FLAGELLA are long, but not so numerous.

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86
Q

What is Mutualism symbiotic relationship?

A

Both organisms benefit from each other

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87
Q

What is Parasitic symbiotic relationship?

A

One organism is not benefitting from the relationships while the other takes advantages.

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88
Q

What is Menelasm symbiotic relationship?

A

One organism is benefitting while the other is not affected positively or negatively.

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89
Q

The green algae belongs in the phylum ___________. It could be unicellular, colonial, and multicellular

A

Chlorophyta

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90
Q

What is the definition of colonial?

A

They are groups of cells that, rather than being multicellular, they are colonies of cells.

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91
Q

All land plants and green algae share ___________ A and _

A

Chlorophyll, B.

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92
Q

The Phylum Phaeophyta refers to _____ _____

A

brown, algae

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93
Q

Brown algae have ___ bladders so that it can ____ so it can get close to the sun in order to ____

A

air, float, photosynthesize.

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94
Q

Phaeophyta are _____ algae that are multicellular, that are found in cool, saltwater habitats

A

Brown

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95
Q

T/F Phaeophyta have a brown accessory pigment.

A

True

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96
Q

Brown algae will have food stored as _______ (think laminate), which is ________ units with glucose but linked _________ than those in _____

A

laminarin, carbohydrates, differently, starch.

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97
Q

The ________ holds a brown algae (anchors) to the rocks. The ___ _______ will cause leaf-like portion to _____ near the surface

A

holdfast, air, bladder, float

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98
Q

T/F: The stipes are like the leaves.

A

False, Stipes looks like a stem.

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99
Q

T/F: The blade resembles leaves.

A

True

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100
Q

What is a frond?

A

The frond refers to the entire algae except for the holdfast.

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101
Q

What parts belong in the frond of an algae?

A

Blade, stipe, air bladder

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102
Q

T/F: Float is another word for air bladder.

A

True

103
Q

Phylum Rhodophyta refers to the ___ algae

A

red

104
Q

Order the colors of algaes from shallow to deep.

A

Green, brown, red.

105
Q

T/F: Red algae can turn green sometimes.

A

False, but some PURPLE algaes fall into the red algae category.

106
Q

T/F: Red algae is distinguished by their branching filaments.

A

True

107
Q

What is a branching filament?

A

A branching filament means that the ends of the algae can branch out.

108
Q

The red accessory pigments is known as _____, it _____ sunlight.

A

phycobilin, traps

109
Q

T/F: Red algae lives in shallow waters and in cold waters.

A

False, red algae live in deep waters and warm waters. However, it does happen that some can grow in British Colombian waters

110
Q

What is the definition of asexual production?

A

One partner involved, which producing clone offspring

111
Q

(Chlamydomonas) A mature ______ (n) cell will undergo mitosis that produces 2 - 8 ______ cells called ________ that develop within the parent cell

A

haploid, haploid, zoospores

112
Q

Zoospores will _____ ___ of the ______ cell, disperse, and eventually ____ to full size.

A

break, out, parent, grow

113
Q

Under mitosis and asexual reproduction, the new cells are genetically ________ to its ______ cell.

A

identical, parent

114
Q

T/F: Sexual reproduction are identical clones to their parents.

A

False

115
Q

When conditions are favorable, the algae will reproduce _________. In contrast, if condition is not favorable, the algae will reproduce ________

A

asexually, sexually.

116
Q

What is a zygospore?

A

When condition becomes unfavorable for algae, two gametes will come in contact with one another and shed their cell wall. They fuse and form a diploid zygote. which develops a thick protective wall called a zygospore. When favorable conditions exist, the zygospore undergoes meiosis, the zygospore will be torn, and the zoospores emerge.

117
Q

What is the name of sexual reproduction with filament green algae?

A

Conjugation.

118
Q

What are the four forms green algae can appear in.

A

Unicellular, multicellular, filament, colonial.

119
Q

During conjugation, the spirogyra align ___ by ____, and their ____ _____ dissolve and a _______ ____ forms _____ ____

A

Side, side, cell, wall, conjugation, tube, between, them

120
Q

What is isogamete?

A

Gametes are the same.

121
Q

What is a less common term for isogamete?

A

Homogamete

122
Q

What does heterogamete mean?

A

The gametes are different.

123
Q

What is syngamy?

A

The fusion of gametes

124
Q

Is fertilization the same thing as syngamy?

A

Not exactly, when we talk about the microscopic organisms - syngamy. Fertilization talks more about the animals instead. But you can always use the word fusion if you are not sure.

125
Q

All living things need ______

A

oxygen. (Water is a good answer too!)

125
Q

Algae absorbs oxygen through _______

A

diffusion.

126
Q

Algae gains water through ______

A

osmosis.

127
Q

T/F: Algae panics in terror for water.

A

False, they do not panic for water.

128
Q

Algae gametes uses _______ to move around in _____

A

flagella, water.

129
Q

Algae absorbs nutrients through _________

A

diffusion.

130
Q

T/F: Moss uses diffusion to obtain oxygen.

A

True

131
Q

T/F: Moss panics in terror in search for water

A

True

132
Q

Moss needs to worry about gametes that needs to ____

A

Swim

133
Q

T/F: Moss has support, which is why is small.

A

False, moss has no support, therefore it is small.

134
Q

What does non-vascular mean?

A

They do not tube inside them to move materials.

135
Q

Fern have ______ that is ____ covering that prevents _____ _____

A

cuticles, waxy, water, loss.

136
Q

T/F: Moss has cuticle, and therefore water loss is not a problem.

A

False, it DOES not have cuticle, and therefore water loss is a problem.

137
Q

What is a stomata?

A

This is a opening in the leaves that allows gas exchange.

138
Q

Do mosses have stomata?

A

No

139
Q

T/F: Ferns have gametes that swim.

A

True

140
Q

T/F: All plants technically have sperms that can swim in water

A

False, other plants have evolved to other structures not needing water.

141
Q

T/F: Pollen is tree sperm.

A

True

142
Q

The support for a fern exists in the _________ ______, they are ____ inside that are thick and offer lots of supports. There are two different types: xylem transports ___, phloem transports ______

A

vascular, tissue, tubes, water, sugar.

143
Q

T/F: Sap is xylem.

A

False, phloem.

144
Q

T/F: Algae have no conduction problems, which means movement of materials.

A

True

145
Q

T/F: Moss has no conduction problems.

A

False, they do have conduction problems as they need to rely on diffusion to move materials.

146
Q

Ferns have _______ _____, which offers support, but also help move ________

A

vascular tissue, materials.

147
Q

Fern has conductions. Do moss and algae do conductions?

A

No, they do not.

148
Q

T/F: Moss are haploid-dominant.

A

False, they are alternation of generations

149
Q

The capsule on the moss is called ______, while the stalk is called the ____

A

calyptra, seta.

150
Q

What does protonema mean?

A

young (plant/moss) gametophyte

151
Q

Which phylum does the moss belong in?

A

Bryophytes

152
Q

The first bryophytes liked being in dry habitats.

A

False, they like damp.

153
Q

What does non-tracheophyte mean?

A

Non-vascular

154
Q

What are rhizoids?

A

They are roots of a non-vascular plant.

155
Q

How does water and nutrients go into a gametophyte of a moss?

A

They are absorbed directly through the leaflike structures.

156
Q

T/F: the gametophyte grows directly on top of the sporophyte like a parasite and extracting all the nutrients from it.

A

False, the sporophyte grows directly on top of the sporophyte like a parasite and extras all the nutrients from it.

157
Q

Inside the _________ of the _________contains ____ which are haploid and will undergo _______ to form a protonema.

A

calpytra, sporophyte, spores, germination

158
Q

The male part of the moss that releases ___ is called _________, while the female part of the moss that releases _____ is called _________

A

sperm, antheridial (head), egg, archegonial (head).

159
Q

What makes the surface of a fern frond shiny?

A

The cuticles

160
Q

What is the name of the tiny little dots found on the bottom side of a frond?

A

Sori

161
Q

What is the name of a “leaf” of a fern?

A

Frond

162
Q

T/F: Vascular plants are haploid gametophyte-dominant.

A

False, they are diploid and sporophyte-dominant.

163
Q

The fern absorbs nutrients from the ____

A

soil.

164
Q

What is the difference between a rhizoid and a rhizome?

A

Rhizoids are filaments that anchor the moss or any bryophytes to the ground, whereas rhizomes are stem-like structures underground for ferns to store food, obtain food, and be used in reproduction.

165
Q

The main difference between a rhizome and a ____ is that a ____ has no nodes or ______. ____function to attach plants to the ground, store ____, and absorb ____ and ________.Unlike ____, rhizomes transport water and nutrients to other parts of the plant.

A

root, root, leaves, Roots, food, water, nutrients, roots

166
Q

T/F: Seed, Cuticle, Stomata, Vascular tissue (Moving thing up and down and helps with support) are six things that help plants adapt to land.

A

False. COUNT PROPERLY. ITS FIVE THINGS

167
Q

T/F: Seeds is an embryonic gametophyte.

A

False, they are an embryonic sporophyte.

168
Q

T/F: Seeds have a protective coat and enough nutrients until it is ready germinate.

A

True.

169
Q

T/F: seeds can spread using animals, water, and wind.

A

True.

170
Q

T/F: Coconut is a fruit that has a seed in it.

A

True.

171
Q

Pollen is a ____spores. (micro/macro)

A

micro

172
Q

A microspore will grow into a ____________ and a megaspore will grow into a ___________

A

microgametophyte, megagametophyte.

173
Q

The megagametophyte contains ____ and thus is female. It contains the _____ sac. ____ is another word for egg

A

egg(s), embryo, Ovule

174
Q

What does gymnosperm mean?

A

Gymno means naked/uncovered. The gymnosperm means that the seeds are not covered by a fruit. They are often exposed on the suface of scales in cones.

175
Q

T/F: Cones are modified seeds that have evolved into a sporophyte.

A

FALSE!! LIES!! DO NOT TRUST!!! - Cones are modified leaves that have evolved into reproductive structures.

176
Q

The needle on a conifer is an adaptation for tress that live in _____ and _____ conditions.

A

colder, drier

177
Q

T/F: Needles have less surface area to volume, and thus less water loss.

A

True.

178
Q

T/F: pine needles do not have cuticle, since it is cold and water loss is not a problem.

A

False, they have thicker cuticles due to a colder climate.

179
Q

Conifer has adapted using ______ that protects the ______ almost forever, but they are naked. The _____ are leaves that are modified into _____ or ______ to maintain less surface to volume. That have a very ____ cuticle. The vascular tissues still exist to provide nutrients and ______

A

seeds, embryo, needles, scales, needles, thick, support.

180
Q

______ are sperms carried by wind for fertilization, and no ____ is needed

A

Pollen, water

181
Q

What is definition of angiosperm?

A

Seed covered by fruit

182
Q

What is the definition of deciduous?

A

No needles, no cones, leaves fall off

183
Q

T/F: all angiosperms have flowers.

A

True

184
Q

The reasons why angiosperms are successful is because they are covered by the ____ and by eating it, animal helps ____ the reproductive _____

A

fruit, disperse, seeds.

185
Q

What is coevolution?

A

The evolution of two species side by side.

186
Q

Coevolution for angiosperms means that _______ gets a _____ in the form of _____ which is inside the _____ and get covered by ______ (gamete), and then drop it off at the next flower when they get more ______

A

insects, prize/reward, nectar, flower, pollen, nectar

187
Q

Coevolution for angiosperms means that _______ gets a _____ in the form of _____ which is inside the _____ and get covered by ______ (gamete), and then drop it off at the next flower when they get more ______

A

insects, prize/reward, nectar, flower, pollen, nectar

188
Q

T/F: Pollen is macrogametes.

A

False, pollen is microgametes.

189
Q

The flowers attract bees by _____, landing pad, or _______

A

color/bright, scent.

190
Q

Adaptions of angiosperms includes _____ that are encased in ____, they are _____ by animals, the leaves have a _____ surface area to maximize photosynthesis, and they have a waxy ______ to live in ______ areas.

A

seed, fruit, carried/dispersed

191
Q

Adaptions of angiosperms includes _____ that are encased in ____, they are _____ by animals, the leaves have a _____ surface area to maximize photosynthesis, and they have a waxy ______ to live in ______ areas.

A

seed, fruit, carried/dispersed, big/large, cuticle, hot/warm

192
Q

T/F: all angiosperms do not have vascular tissues.

A

False, they do have vascular tissues.

193
Q

A trumpet-shaped flower attracts ______

A

birds.

194
Q

The top female part of a flower (a ____) is called a _____, right under it is the ____, and then the _____, which creates eggs, is at the bottom.

A

pistil, stigma, style, ovary (ovaries)

195
Q

The _____, the male part of the flower, has two parts: the _____ is on top, and the _____ is on the bottom

A

stamen, anther, filament

196
Q

What does pollination mean?

A

The movement of pollen (microgamete) from the anther of one flower to the stigma of another flower.

197
Q

Holes that allow gas exchange in plants. What is it?

A

Stomata

198
Q

The pollen is produced from the ______

A

anther.

199
Q

What is another name for a Pistil?

A

Carpel

200
Q

Where are ovules made?

A

Ovary

201
Q

The opening to the ovules is called a ______

A

Microphyle.

202
Q

T/F: There is only one ovule in one ovary.

A

False, there are lots.

203
Q

T/F: There is a microphyle in every ovule.

A

True.

204
Q

T/F: Stigmas are slippery.

A

False, they are sticky.

205
Q

The stigma is receptive to pollen at a ______ time to prevent ____-_________

A

different, self, fertilization.

206
Q

There are chemicals in a flower’s _____ that promote the growth of a _____ ____

A

stigma, pollen, tube.

207
Q

Pollen grain divides into ____ nuclei into _ sperm _ tube nuclei.

A

3, 2, 1

208
Q

Inside the ovule, they are divided into _ nuclei but we only care about _ because we are selective. _ Are polar nuclei and _ is ____ _____

A

8, 3, 2, 1, egg, nuclei.

209
Q

The tube nuclei serves to ____ the other two nuclei.

A

deliver

210
Q

The syngamy of flowers uses _ sperm and _ nuclei. they are all haploid. They make a ______

A

2, 1, triploid.

211
Q

How many n’s are there in triploids

A

3

212
Q

The endosperm is food for the _____

A

embryo.

213
Q

The other sperm goes to meet the ____ to form a ____ which is diploid.

A

egg, zygote

214
Q

The ovule hardens to form the _____ ____

A

seed coat.

215
Q

The zygote would then form into a _____

A

embryo.

216
Q

The ovary would _____ to form the fruit.

A

swell

217
Q

A Monocot comes in floral parts of _____

A

three.

218
Q

Dicots comes in floral parts of _____ or ____

A

fours, fives.

219
Q

Monocotyldons have a ______ leaf vains.

A

parallel.

220
Q

Pollen grain has ___ pores or furrows in a dicot.

A

three

221
Q

The vascular bundle is made of _____ and _______

A

xylem, phloem.

222
Q

A fibrous has no _____ root.

A

main

223
Q

Does a taproot have a main root?

A

yes

224
Q

T/F: Net-like leaf vains belong to a dicot.

A

True

225
Q

In a monocot root, the xylem cells form a _____ _______, while the eudicot root cells forma pattern that _____ in ____ ways

A

circular, pattern, branches, three (to four)

226
Q

Where are phloem cells in a monocot root? Eudicot root?

A

Phloem root: between each big circle, Eudicot: between the arms.

227
Q

T/F: Eudicot vascular tissue are arranged in a ring

A

True

228
Q

Dead _____ cells that make up the rings of the tree. The ______ indicated growing condition were good. The living part of the tree lives _____ the bark.

A

Xylem, thickness (of the ring), between

229
Q

The vascular Cambrium creates _____ and ____

A

Xylem, Phloem.

230
Q

the sapwood is another name for _____ in the tree

A

phloem (cells)

231
Q

Is tree a monocot or dicot?

A

Dicot

232
Q

What does the inside of the tree do?

A

Absolutely nothing, just like me.

233
Q

Perfect flowers are considered to have both _____ and _____ reproductive organs. They are also called a _______

A

male, female, hermaphrodite.

234
Q

What does hermaphrodite mean?

A

A organism that has both functional male and female parts of reproductive organ.

235
Q

Monoecious plant has two separate flowers (of the same species of the _____ sex.

A

different

236
Q

Diecious plant has two separate flowers (of the same species) of the ____ sex.

A

same

237
Q

_______ and _______ plants are considered imperfect flowers.

A

Monoecious, diecious

238
Q

The roots of a plant _______ the plant to the ground, it _____ and ______ nutrients as well.

A

anchors, absorbs, transports

239
Q

Describe the difference between a tap root and a fibrous root.

A

A tap root has one thick root, with the others being secondary and a fibrous root has many roots of the same thickness.

240
Q

Stems _____ nutrients to its leaves and it is a supportive structure.

A

transports

241
Q

A monocot has _____ root, whereas a ______ has fibrous roots. Within the cells of a root, the xylem of a monocot forms a ____, while for the dicot the _____ branches out in three or four ways. (Like a star)

A

fibrous, eudicot/dicot, ring, xylem

242
Q

Monocot means that there is one ________ and dicot means that there is ____ cotyledon

A

cotyledon, two

243
Q

The veins in a monocot leaf is _____ while in a dicot the veins are _____

A

parallel, network/branched

244
Q

When do a cross section of a root, you will find the vascular tissue of a _____ is scattered, while in ______ they are arranged in a ring pattern.

A

monocot, eudicot

245
Q

T/F: the pollen of a eudicot is monosulcate.

A

False, they are trisulcate, the pollen of a monocot is monosulcate.

246
Q

The flower parts of monocot is in groups of ____, while in a eudicot they are in 4-5 or multiple of ____ or ____ and whorls.

A

3, 4, 5

247
Q

The vascular tissue of a dicot stem is arranged in a ___, with the ___ cells being bigger and on the inside. For a monocot stem, they are not arranged in a ring, instead they have scattered vascular bundles, with mostly ____ xylems and ______ surrounding it.

A

ring, xylem, three, phloem

248
Q

T/F: Roots, being underground, needs oxygen.

A

True

249
Q

What do you call a leaf on a flower?

A

blades.

250
Q

The dicot blade is attached to the stem by a thin structure called the ______

A

petiole.

251
Q

The monocot blade is attached to the stem by a structure called the ______

A

sheath.

252
Q

Name four adaptations of land plants.

A

Vascular tissue, cuticle, roots, leaves.

Biology 11 (6 decks)

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