Animals (Arthopoda, Mollusca, Echinodermata,and Chordata %48 Flashcards
(21 cards)
What kind of skeleton do arthropods have? What is it made of?
An exoskeleton made of chitin
What has to happen in order for arthropods to grow?
→ They must molt (shed their exoskeleton)
What does the word arthropod mean?
→ “Jointed foot”
Arthropods use at least three different structures for respiration. Describe each.
→ Gills (aquatic), book lungs (arachnids), tracheal tubes (insects)
What is the function of the Malpighian tubules in arthropods?
Remove nitrogenous wastes and help conserve water
What are the three major groups of arthropods?
Insects, arachnids, crustaceans
What are the three major classes of phylum Mollusca? Provide examples of each class.
Gastropods (snails, slugs), Bivalves (clams, oysters), Cephalopods (octopus, squid)
What are the four main parts of the body plan of mollusks?
Foot, visceral mass, mantle, and (often) a shell
What is the purpose of a “radula” and of a “siphon”?
Radula: scraping food
→ Siphon: movement, feeding, or respiration (water flow)
What kind of circulatory system do mollusks have? How does this work?
Most have an open circulatory system where hemolymph flows over organs; cephalopods have a closed system
What kind of symmetry do Echinoderms have?
Radial symmetry (pentaradial in adults)
The vascular system of Echinoderms does not contain blood. What does it contain?
Seawater
What kind of skeleton do Echinoderms possess?
Internal skeleton made of calcium plates (endoskeleton)
What are the 5 major groups of Echinoderms eg: sea star ?
Sea stars, brittle stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, crinoids
What are the major groups of Chordates from most ancient to most modern?
Jawless fish → Cartilaginous fish → Bony fish → Amphibians → Reptiles → Birds → Mammals
What are the three different modes of reproduction in fish? Briefly describe each.
Oviparous: lay eggs externally
→ Ovoviviparous: eggs hatch inside body
→ Viviparous: live birth with placenta-like nourishment
Why are amphibians considered to be a transition between aquatic and terrestrial vertebrates?
They live in water as larvae and on land as adults; rely on moist skin and water for reproduction
What are the functions of the following parts of the frog?:
Nictitating membrane
Cloaca
Tympanic membrane
Nictitating membrane: Protects and moistens the eye
• Tympanic membrane: External eardrum
• Cloaca: Common exit for digestive, urinary, and reproductive tracts
What adaptations make reptiles better suited to living on land than amphibians?
Amniotic egg, scaly skin, efficient lungs, internal fertilization
What is the difference between an ectotherm and an endotherm?
Ectotherm: body temperature changes with environment
→ Endotherm: maintains constant internal body temperature
Describe the difference between monotremes, marsupials, and placental mammals.
Monotremes lay eggs (e.g., platypus), marsupials have pouches (e.g., kangaroo), placentals develop inside the uterus (e.g., humans)
