final most questions put together

Question 1

What are the seven levels of biological classification from most general to most specific?

Answer 1

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Question 2

In the scientific name Castor canadensis, what is the first word called?

Answer 2

Genus.

Question 3

Name the six kingdoms in biological classification.

Answer 3

Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, Archaea, Bacteria.

Question 4

What tool can be used to identify unknown organisms?

Answer 4

Dichotomous key.

Question 5

What is the name given to the science of classifying organisms?

Answer 5

Taxonomy.

Question 6

What is the term for the two-word naming system for assigning scientific names to organisms?

Answer 6

Binomial nomenclature.

Question 7

What is an organism group that cannot interbreed successfully with other organisms called?

Answer 7

Species

Question 8

What type of evidence do ancient remains of once-living organisms provide for evolution?

Answer 8

Fossil evidence

Question 9

Who is considered the first person to develop the theory of natural selection?

Answer 9

Charles Darwin.

Question 10

Who developed a theory of evolutionary change that was later proved incorrect?

Answer 10

Lamarck.

Question 11

Breeding organisms intentionally for desirable traits.

Answer 11

artificial selection

Question 12

Inherited characteristics that enhance an organism’s suitability to its environment.

Answer 12

adaptations

Question 13

What occurs when the best-adapted organisms survive while others die out?

Answer 13

Natural selection.

Question 14

Structures with a similar origin but different functions.

Answer 14

homologous structures

Question 15

Structures that no longer serve a useful purpose and are often reduced in size.

Answer 15

vestigial structures
eg: appendix

Question 16

What is embryology’s role in evolutionary evidence?

Answer 16

The study of early development in organisms showing similarities among species.

Question 17

A change in the base-pair sequence of DNA.

Answer 17

mutation

Question 18

What does phenotype refer to?

Answer 18

The appearance and behaviors of a particular organism.

Question 19

The total collection of alleles for all genes in a given population.

Answer 19

gene pool

Question 20

what type of natural selection favors extremes of a trait?

Answer 20

Directional selection

Question 21

What type of natural selection favors intermediate forms?

Answer 21

Stabilizing selection.

Question 22

• What type of natural selection favors one extreme or the other?

Answer 22

Disruptive selection.

Question 23

Evolution caused by chance events rather than natural selection.

Answer 23

genetic drift

Question 24

What is evolution caused by the migration of organisms into or out of a population called?

Answer 24

Gene flow.

Question 25

What three mechanisms can produce the isolation required for speciation to occur?

Answer 25

Geographic isolation, temporal isolation, behavioral isolation.

Question 26

What is a trait that an organism already has that allows it to survive after a change in the environment?

Answer 26

Pre-existing adaptation.

Question 27

What term describes species that no longer live anywhere on Earth?

Answer 27

Extinct species.

Question 28

According to relative dating, where are more ancient fossils found compared to more recent fossils?

Answer 28

In deeper rock layers.

Question 29

What is the shape of the DNA molecule?

Answer 29

Double helix.

Question 30

What are the three main components of the DNA molecule?

Answer 30

Sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base.

Question 31

In DNA, which bases pair with which?

Answer 31

Adenine pairs with Thymine, and Cytosine pairs with Guanine.

Question 32

What idea suggests that evolution proceeds at a slow, steady rate?

Answer 32

Gradualism.

Question 33

What idea posits that evolution occurs in short bursts interspersed by long periods of little change?

Answer 33

Punctuated equilibrium.

Question 34

What is it called when organisms from different evolutionary backgrounds develop similar characteristics?

Answer 34

Convergent evolution.

Question 35

What is it called when organisms of similar evolutionary backgrounds become less alike?

Answer 35

Divergent evolution

Question 36

Why do some people believe that viruses are living?

Answer 36

Because they can reproduce within host cells.

Question 37

The genetic material of a virus is contained in a protein coat called what?

Answer 37

Capsid.

Question 38

A virus that is pathogenic to bacteria is called what?

Answer 38

Bacteriophage.

Question 39

What is a viral replication cycle in which the virus remains dormant for several generations called?

Answer 39

Lysogenic cycle.

Question 40

What can viruses contain as genetic material?

Answer 40

DNA or RNA.

Question 41

What tissue transports nutrients and the products of photosynthesis from the leaves to the rest of the plant?

Answer 41

Phloem

Question 42

What is the waxy coating on the surface of leaves that prevents water evaporation called?

Answer 42

Cuticle

Question 43

What is the entire female part of the flower called?

Answer 43

Pistil

Question 44

In gymnosperms, what are the leaves modified into to prevent water loss?

Answer 44

Needles

Question 45

What phylum do mosses, liverworts, and hornworts belong to?

Answer 45

Bryophyta

Question 46

What structures are found below ground that conduct water and nutrients from the ground up into the plant?

Answer 46

Roots

Question 47

What is the phylum to which vascular plants belong?

Answer 47

Tracheophyta

Question 48

What is the sticky part of a flower to which pollen grains adhere?

Answer 48

Stigma

Question 49

What is the number one factor limiting the growth of plants?

Answer 49

Water scarcity.

Question 50

What carbohydrate makes up the cell walls of all plants?

Answer 50

Cellulose

Question 51

What are the red dots on the underside of a mature fern sporophyte called?

Answer 51

Sori

Question 52

What structure's evolution eliminated the need for swimming sperm?

Answer 52

Pollen

Question 53

What is the generation of plants that is diploid called?

Answer 53

Sporophyte generation.

Question 54

What is the female structure in a moss or fern?

Answer 54

Archegonium

Question 55

What structure in a flower contains the ovules?

Answer 55

Ovary

Question 56

What is the heart-shaped structure that is the gametophyte of a fern called?

Answer 56

Prothallus

Question 57

Instead of roots, what structures do mosses have to anchor them to a substrate?

Answer 57

Rhizoids

Question 58

What is the entire male portion of a flower called?

Answer 58

Stamen

Question 59

What reproductive structures are produced asexually by moss and ferns?

Answer 59

Spores

Question 60

What part of a seed nourishes the embryo?

Answer 60

Endosperm

Question 61

What is the protective outer layer of a seed called?

Answer 61

Seed coat.

Question 62

What structures look like reddish dots on the underside of a mature fern sporophyte?

Answer 62

Sori

Question 63

What structure supports an anther in a flower?

Answer 63

Filament

Question 64

What is the long tube that leads to the ovary in flowers called?

Answer 64

Style

Question 65

What structure produces pollen grains in a flower?

Answer 65

Anther

Question 66

What do cone-bearing plants produce that are not enclosed?

Answer 66

Naked seeds.

Question 67

What structure found in gymnosperms houses seeds?

Answer 67

Cone

Question 68

What are the openings found on the underside of leaves in some plants, where gas exchange takes place?

Answer 68

Stomata