Animals Unit 5-9

Question 1

What does Aschelminthes mean?

Answer 1

Round worms

Question 2

Give some examples of aschelminthes.

Answer 2

Hookworm, Trichina (from uncooked pork), Nematodes

Question 3

Give a quick body plan of the aschelminthes.

Answer 3

Cylinder shape, anterior mouth, posterior anus, no respiration/circulation systems, contains pseudocoelom.

Question 4

What is pseudocoelom?

Answer 4

false body cavity of the aschelminthes, open space (NOT lined with mesoderm)

Question 5

What is the benefit of a “tube within a tube” system?

Answer 5

Continuous eating. (in one end, out the other). A bag within a bag (in one end, has to come back out the same way)

Question 6

What does the cuticle signify on the aschelminthes?

Answer 6

It lives in the stomach, cuticle protects it from stomach acid

Question 7

How do aschelminthes get their nutrition?

Answer 7

they are parasite, they suck their food in through the mouth (pharynx contracts)

Question 8

What is the advantage of a separate anus/open body cavity?

Answer 8

Do not get mixing of food, continuous eating, movement

Question 9

Life cycle of ascelminthes?

Answer 9

ingested, makes eggs, poop out eggs, eggs swallowed by something else

Question 10

What does annelida mean?

Answer 10

Segmented worms

Question 11

How do earthworms respire?

Answer 11

Diffusion across the moist skin.

Question 12

What are three advantages of having a coelom?

Answer 12

1. Allows for independent body and food movement by separating body wall and food tube muscles.
2. contains fluids involved with movement of waste, food, and gases.
3. Provides space for circulatory and reproductive systems to develop.

Question 13

Do annelids have open or closed circulatory system?

Answer 13

Closed, therefore blood is contained in vessels.

Question 14

Are annelids hermaphroditic?

Answer 14

yes

Question 15

Name the classes of annelida.

Answer 15

Oligocheata, Hirudinea, Polycheata

Question 16

What class does earthworms belong to?

Answer 16

Class oligocheata

Question 17

What are defining features of class hirudinea?

Answer 17

No bristles or coelomic spaces. Leeches are an example.

Question 18

How do annelids eat?

Answer 18

They take in food via the prostonium. It passes to the gizzard where pebbles grinds it up. It passes to the intestines where nutrients are absorbed and is finally elminated through the anus.

Question 19

What is the nephridia?

Answer 19

A tubular excretory organ which gets rid of liquid waste from the coelom. (Annelida)

Question 20

What does Mollusca mean?

Answer 20

soft bodied

Question 21

Give examples of mollusca.

Answer 21

Snails, squids, oysters, chiton

Question 22

What 4 parts are mollusca divided into?

Answer 22

foot, mantle, shell, and visceral mass

Question 23

What is the feeding organ of the mollusca?

Answer 23

radula (strong enough to drill through shells)

Question 24

Describe the blood/circulatory system of the mollusca.

Answer 24

Open system (blood not always within vessels). They have blood sinuses, and also possess blood based open copper (blue blood)

Question 25

What is the blood protein in clams?

Answer 25

hemocyanin (copper; blue)

Question 26

What are blood sinuses? Where is it located? What does it do?

Answer 26

open cavities for blood in mollusca, located in mantle and foot. Allows diffusion of oxygen/carbon dioxide wastes to go in and out of body.

Question 27

What are tentacular eyes?

Answer 27

Mollusca have them. They are eyes on a stalk.

Question 28

Describe how a clam gets its nutrition.

Answer 28

Water is sucked into mantle cavity via the incurrent opening, food particles get attached to the mucus lined gills. Cilia on gills move food towards labial palps that surround mouth. Food goes into mouth and into esophagus, on to stomach. Food divided into 2 major groups; fats/protein and carbs. Poops through anus, passed outside through excurrent opening.

Question 29

Describe the nervous system of the clam.

Answer 29

Not much really. Each main part of the body has a pair of ganglion.

Question 30

How do clams reproduce?

Answer 30

Males release sperm into the water, and enter females through incurrect siphon. Larva expelled into water, attaches to gill fins of fish until they are young clams

Question 31

Where are larvae developed in clams?

Answer 31

gills

Question 32

What does Arthropoda mean?

Answer 32

Jointed foot

Question 33

List of examples of arthropoda.

Answer 33

crayfish, crabs, lobsters, insects, spiders, centipedes, and millipedes.

Question 34

What is exoskeleton of arthropodas made of?

Answer 34

chiton

Question 35

Do arthropods have open or closed circulation system?

Answer 35

open

Question 36

What is the gastric mill (arthropoda)?

Answer 36

A gizzard that contains teeth that grinds food into fine particles.

Question 37

Crayfishes have complete or incomplete digestive system?

Answer 37

Complete. (so they have a mouth, stomach, intestines, and anus.)

Question 38

What are chelipeds, maxillipeds, and mandibles (arthropoda)?

Answer 38

They’re appendages crayfishes use to take food into their mouths.

Question 39

How do crayfishes respire?

Answer 39

They have gills that filters oxygen.

Question 40

What’s the name of the opening in which blood re-enters the heart (crayfish)?

Answer 40

Ostia

Question 41

What is the function of the green glands in a crayfish?

Answer 41

Filters waste from blood and passes it to the bladder.

Question 42

How do crayfishes reproduce?

Answer 42

Sexually and externally.

Question 43

How are crayfishes beneficial and harmful to the environment?

Answer 43

They damage crops, transmite disease but are a food source to other animals and helps with decomposition.

Question 44

How are arthropoda successful?

Answer 44

small size, rapid reproductive rate, adaptability, and adaptive radiation.

Question 45

Describe a crayfish’s nervous system.

Answer 45

compound eyes helps detect movement and antennae detect smell and pressure. Antennules contain statocyst which sense balance. Bristle hairs over body sensitive to touch.

Question 46

List some qualities of echinodermata.

Answer 46

Non-segmented. Radial symmetry. Suction/tube feet, mouth at center

Question 47

What are some examples of echinodermata?

Answer 47

sea cucumber, sea lily, starfish, sand dollar

Question 48

Describe the endoskeleton of a starfish.

Answer 48

Large # of calcareous plates (OSSICLES), embedded into flesh and bounded together w/ connective tissue. Many spines stick out through the body wall.

Question 49

Describe the digestive system of the starfish.

Answer 49

Digestive enzymes pour from the digestive glands and digests most of the food while it’s still in the shell. Stomach engulfs food, goes back into its own body where final digestion takes place w/ digestive glands. Anus is @ central dorsal surface.

Question 50

How does the water vascular system work for starfish?

Answer 50

Bulb (ampulla) squeezes water to tube feet, tube feet attaches to something, ampulla unsqueezes, causing suction

Question 51

How do sea stars reproduce?

Answer 51

Sex organs located at the base of each ray. Male produce sperm and females eggs. They are discharged through pores, into the water where they are fertilized.

Question 52

Describe the nervous system of a sea star.

Answer 52

They lack brains so nervous system controls body functions. Nervous system in an oral ring in the centre from which nerve cords extend into each ray.

Question 53

Describe circulatory system of a sea star

Answer 53

vessels surrounds mouth area and extends into each ray. A fluid similar to lymph circles the body cavity with the help of motion of the cilia.

Question 54

Describe the respiratory system of a sea star

Answer 54

soft, hollow projections between spines on dorsal surface are used for respiration and excretion.

Question 55

Can a sea star regenerate a new arm?

Answer 55

Yes. Also, the broken off arm, if it has a part of the central disc, can grow into a new star.

Question 56

What are the 4 classes of Mollusca? Name examples & features

Answer 56

Amphineura (ex. Chiton. Marine and have radulas) Gastropoda (ex Slugs, largest group, have radulas) Cephalopoda (Squid and octopus, highly developed, exhibit learned behaviour: escape mechanisms, excellent eyesight.) Pelecypoda (hatchet foot)