Ankle and foot anatomy and clinical

Question 1

how many compartments does the leg have? name

Answer 1

3 - posterior, lateral and anterior

Question 2

2 major arteries of leg

Answer 2

common fibular and tibial

Question 3

common fibular branches

Answer 3

sup and deep fibular

Question 4

What nerve does the tibila originate from?

Answer 4

sciatic nerve

Question 5

what compartment of the leg does the tibial nerve supply and consequence of this

Answer 5

posterior - foot drop

Question 6

What is the most frequently injured major joint in body?

Answer 6

ankle

Question 7

describe ankle joint

Answer 7

uniaxial synovial hinge
dorsiflexion and plantarflexion
between distal tibia, fibula and upper talus

Question 8

main function of ankle joint

Answer 8

critical in weight bearing and walking

Question 9

2 surface landmarks of ankle joint

Answer 9

medial and lateral malleolus

Question 10

What is the malleolar mortise?

Answer 10

socket which holds bone firmly with help of trochlea of talus and ligament

Question 11

upper and lower tibiofibular joint types

Answer 11

upper = synovial plane
lower = fibrous

Question 12

most ankle injuries in which movement?

Answer 12

inversion and plantar flexion

Question 13

when is malleolar grip tightest?

Answer 13

dorsiflexion

Question 14

is the fibrous capsule thin or thick?

Answer 14

thin

Question 15

What supports the fibrous capsule on both sides?

Answer 15

collateral ligaments

Question 16

Strongest ankle ligament

Answer 16

medial

Question 17

medial ligament describe

Answer 17

large and strong

3 slips - talus, calcaneus and navicular

Question 18

when does medial ligament stabilise joint?

Answer 18

eversion

Question 19

lateral ligament

Answer 19

3 slips and often injured

Question 20

compartment responsible for dorsiflexion

Answer 20

anterior

Question 21

4 dorsiflexor muscles

Answer 21

tibilais anterior
EDL
EHL
peroneus

Question 22

3 main plantarflexors

Answer 22

gastrocnemius
soleus
popliteus

Question 23

how many heads does gastrocnemius have?

Answer 23

2

Question 24

footballers ankle is repeated strain on…?

Answer 24

anterior capsule

Question 25

nerve compressed in tarsal tunnel syndrome

Answer 25

tibial deep to flexor retinacula

Question 26

what is pott fracture?

Answer 26

dislocation of ankle

Question 27

nerve and artery on sole of foot

Answer 27

medial and lateral plantar

Question 28

what layer of sole of foot contain interossei?

Answer 28

4

Question 29

interossei role in sole of foot

Answer 29

arch

Question 30

function of feet

Answer 30

support body in standing and progression | lever it forward in walking, running and jumping

Question 31

What joints do eversion and inversion occur?

Answer 31

subtalar and transverse tarsal

Question 32

invertor muscles

Answer 32

tibilalis anterior and posterior

Question 33

evertor muscles

Answer 33

fibularis longus and brevis

Question 34

function of arches of feet

Answer 34

shock absorbers springboard during walking and running flexible and deform with ground contact distribute weight over foot

Question 35

Wat part of arch is higher and more important?

Answer 35

medial

Question 36

5 things which maintain arches of feet

Answer 36

``` shape of bones plantar aponeurosis long and short plantar ligaments spring ligament = calcaneonavicular intrinsic muscles ```

Question 37

why are flat feet common in under 3's?

Answer 37

subcut fat

Question 38

cause of acquired flatfeet

Answer 38

tibialis post dysfunction

Question 39

Accessory bones

Answer 39

troublesome and destabilised by injury - navicular

Question 40

tarsal coalitions

Answer 40

abnormal connection of tarsal bones - common | stiff hindfeet

Question 41

bones joined in tarsal coalitions

Answer 41

45% talocalcaneal 45% calcaneonavicular 10% other

Question 42

common cause of ankle arthritis

Answer 42

injury/post trauma

Question 43

ankle arthritis - under 50 and no trauma?

Answer 43

haemachromatosis

Question 44

how is achilles tendon formed?

Answer 44

gastroneumius and soleus

Question 45

cavus

Answer 45

high arch

Question 46

varus

Answer 46

hindfoot

Question 47

common causes of cavovarus foot

Answer 47

neurological, congential, post trauma

Question 48

5 questions you ask yourself with cavovarus feet

Answer 48

``` progressive? FH? muscle pain or weak? elevated CK? altered sensation? ```

Question 49

pathogenesis of cavovarus foot - simple

Answer 49

weak intrinsic muscles leads to claw toes meaning shoe problems and calluses plantarflexed MT hindfoot varus - weak peroneus brevis weak tibialis anterior alters gait

Question 50

describe coleman block test - what it finds

Answer 50

forefoot driven hindfoot varus or hindfoot driven varus

Question 51

describe how you would do coleman test

Answer 51

patient stands with 1st ray overhanging edge of block - if hindfoot varus corrects it is compensating for rigidly plantarflexed 1st MT