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Year 3 MSK (JK) > Learning guide definitions > Flashcards

Learning guide definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Adhesive capsulitis

A

“frozen shoulder”
middle age and elderly
3 phases - pain, stiff, thaw

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2
Q

Anatomical snuffbox

A

Area on radial side of wrist
tip of radial styloid and tendons of EPL and AP
closest to scaphoid - pain can be scaphoid fracture

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3
Q

Ankylosing spondylitis

A

Chronic, inflammatory arthritis and autoimmune disease
Joints in spine and sacroilium
eventual fusion of spine
spondyloarthropathies - strong genetic link

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4
Q

Antalgic gait

A

limp to avoid pain on weight bearing structures eg knee, hip, ankle
short stance phase on injured side

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5
Q

Apraxic gait

A

Loss of ability to carry out familiar, purposeful movements in absence of paralysis or motor/sensory impairment

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6
Q

Arthroplasty

A

replacement of a joint

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7
Q

Hemi-arthroplasty

A

only one side of joint resurfaced

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8
Q

Ataxic gait

A

unsteady un co-ordinated walk with wide base of support and feet outward
cerebellar lesion?

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9
Q

AVN

A

bony blood supply disrupted following trauma

displaced fractures - femur, scaphoid, talus

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10
Q

Barton’s fracture

A

intra-articular fracture of distal radius with dislocation of radiocarpal joint
fall on extended and pronated wrist

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11
Q

Bennet’s fracture

A

oblique fracture of base of thumb metacarpal

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12
Q

Bow legs

A

also called genu varum

legs curve out to leave a gap between the knees after infancy passed

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13
Q

cadence

A

rate at which a person walks

steps per minute

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14
Q

Callus formation

A

second stage of fracture healing
periosteal cells proximal to fracture develop into chondroblasts which form hyaline cartilage
distal to fracture = osteobalsts –> woven bone

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15
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome

A

entrapment of median nerve as it passes through carpal tunnel
tingling, pain, numb over median nerve distribution

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16
Q

Cauda equina syndrome

A

medical emergency due to compressing nerve roots below conus medularis
central disc prolapse

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17
Q

Charcot’s arthropathy

A

progressive disease of weight bearing joints
foot and ankle
destruction of bone and soft tissue - joint dislocation, fractures and deformities
DIABETES

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18
Q

Clubfoot

A

congenital talipes equinovarus
inversion at subtalar joint
adduction at talonavicular
breech position

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19
Q

Colle’s fracture

A

distal fracture of radius
“dinner fork” deformity
dorsal displacement and angulation
falling on outstretched hand

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20
Q

Compartment syndrome

A

muscle swells within restrained fascial compartment

neuro-vascular damage

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21
Q

De Quervain’s tenovaginitis

A

inflammation of the tendon sheath that surrounds EPB and APL
ulnar adduction painful
Finklestein’s test

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22
Q

Delayed union

A

prolongation of time to fracture healing

infection, inadequate blood supply or incorrect splintage

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23
Q

Dislocation

A

bones in a joint displaced or misalligned
subluxation is partial dislocation
shoulder

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24
Q

drop foot

A

deep fibular nerve damage

unable to dorsiflex foot

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25
Dupuytren's contracture
thickening and shortening of longitudinal fibres of palmar and digit fascia draws fingers down to palm
26
Enteropathic spondyloarthropathies
arthritis associated with IBD
27
epicondylitis
lateral - tennis elbow. forearm extensor origin | medial - golfers. Forearm flexor origin
28
Gangion
cystic swelling on or around joints and tendons in hand and foot scapho-lunate joint
29
Greenstick fracture
incompletely fractured with portion of cortex and periosteum intact on compression side children
30
Impingement syndrome
subacromial bursa and rotator cuff inflammation impinge when shoulder abducts and supraspinatus tendon contracts under acromion painful arc syndrome
31
Intervertebral disc herniation
central nucelus pulposus herniates through defect in annulus fibrosus lumbar region
32
Lesch-nyan syndrome
deficiency of enzyme HGPRT hyperuricaemia and hyperuricosuria mental retardation, severe gout and kidney problems
33
Locomotion
power to move from one place to another
34
Mallet finger
extensor tendon torn from insertion when DIP is flexed forcibly
35
metatarsalgia
pain in forefoot in relation to metatarsal heads
36
open fracture
direct communication between fracture in bone and external environment - usually skin surface
37
osteoarthritis
progressive gradual loss of joint articular cartilage bony spurs - osteophytes subchondral bone sclerosis cysts at margins of joints
38
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Brittle bone disease improper type 1 collagen production or formation bones fracture early 8 different types
39
osteomalacia
soft bone | defective mineralisation of bone - accumulation of unmineralised bone matrix = osteoid
40
osteoporosis
compromised bone strength bone density and quality fractures
41
osteotomy
operation that alters alignment of bone | young males with medial compartment OA of knee
42
osteosarcoma
commonest primary malignant bone tumour in young
43
Pagets
osteoclasts with abnormal repair and alteration in bone repair
44
paraplegia
impairment of motor and sensory function of lower extremities
45
Perthe's
children idiopathic avascular osteonecrosis of the capital femoral epiphysis collapse and deformity of joint
46
polymyalgia rheumatica
pain and stiff in neck, shoulders and hips secondary to inflammation associated with temporal arteritis
47
polymyositis
inflammatory disease of muscles without skin involvement
48
psoriatic arthritis
inflammatory arthritis in 10-30% with psoriasis seronegative spondyloarthropathies HLA-B27
49
Quadriplegia
paralysis of all limbs and torso | sensory and motor loss
50
raynauds
discolouration of fingers and toes secondary to peripheral vasoconstriction and tissue hypoxia
51
Reactive arthritis
seronegative spondyloarthropathy autoimmune condition following an infection
52
Reiters syndrome
reactive arthritis uveitis conjunctivitis
53
Rickets
children - defective mineralisation of bone before closure of epiphysis growth plate thick, wide and irregular
54
salter harris fracture
children | epiphyseal growth plate
55
sarcoma
malignant tumour arising from connective tissues
56
scoliosis
lateral and rotational curvature of spine in coronal plane
57
septic arthritis
invasion of joint by bacteria
58
sero -ve spondyloarthrotides
``` HLA-B27 spine and SI joint asymmetrical enthesitis RF -ve ankylosing spondylitis psoriatic arthritis reactive arthritis reiter's syndrome enteropathic arthritis ```
59
sjogrens
exocrine gland destruction - lacrimal and salivary
60
SCFE
fracture through capital femoral physis | slippage of overlying epiphysis
61
smiths fracture
distal radius - direct blow to dorsal forearm or fall onto flexed wrist volar displacement
62
spasticity
hypertonic skeletal muscle | UMN
63
spina bifida
developmental birth effect caused by incomplete closing of embryonic neural tube
64
spiral fracture
oblique and encircles shaft | rotational force
65
spondylosis
degenerative OA of facet joints
66
stress fracture
small linear fracture due to repeated stress | athletes
67
stride length
distance from right heel contact to following right heel contact
68
stride period
period of time in seconds from initial contact of one foot to following initial contact of same foot
69
SLE
antibody complex formation
70
systemic scleroderma
skin, MSK, pulmonary, GI, vascular and renal complications
71
temporal arteritis
Inflammatory diseases of blood vessels large and medium arteries of the head GCA + polymyalgia rheumatica
72
torticollis
neck deformity and reduced movement muscle spasms lateral flexion contraction spinal accessory nerve
73
Trendelenburg gait
weak abductor muscles of hip - gluteus medius and minimus
74
trigger finger
flexor tendon does not run freely through flexor tendon sheath tunnel at base of digit fully flexed digit stenosing tenosynovitis

Year 3 MSK (JK) (30 decks)

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