Annelida

Question 1

what are the three classes of annelida?

Answer 1

polychaeta (marine worms)
oligochaeta (earthworms)
hirundinea (leeches)

Question 2

defining characteristics of annelida

Answer 2

• 1 or more pair of chitinoussetae/chaetae
• metamerism
• trochophore larvae (gr: wheel bearing)

Question 3

biphasic lifestyle

Answer 3

broadcast spawner

Question 4

metamerism

Answer 4

linear series of body segments

Question 5

tagmata

Answer 5

a grouping of segments (arthropods)

Question 6

what is the difference between metameric segmentation and tagmata?

Answer 6

linear vs grouping of segments

Question 7

size range of annelida?

Answer 7

microscopic to 3m

Question 8

what type of body cavity to annelida have?

Answer 8

coelomic

Question 9

what type of circulatory system of annelida?

Answer 9

closed circulatory

Question 10

where is the nerve cord located on annelida?

Answer 10

ventrally

Question 11

excretion via what?

Answer 11

nephridia

Question 12

vermiform

Answer 12

worm-shaped

Question 13

what is the difference between setae and cilia?

Answer 13

setae: stiff bristles present on the body. aid in peristaltic motion.
cilia: minute hair like organelles that line the surfaces of certain cells and beat in rhythmic waves.

Question 14

peristaltic movement

Answer 14

the movement by constricting part of its fluid filled body cavities, allowing for elongation of the body anteriorly. when relaxing the setae keeps the body from moving backwards.

Question 15

describe polychaeta

Answer 15

marine worms:
-tube worms
-sand worms
numerous setae
well developed head
-including sensory organs
-antennae
-able to secrete mucus in epithlium

Question 16

describe the parapodia of polychaeta

Answer 16

paired, lateral, fleshy, paddle like.

Question 17

what is different about polychaeta’s sex organs

Answer 17

they are not permanent. they shed gametes in breeding season via nephridia.

Question 18

describe the spawning method of polychaeta

Answer 18

broadcast spawners.

• external fertilization
• through to a trochphore larvae

Question 19

epitoky

Answer 19

polychaete mode of reproduction
-worms partially or entirely transform into an epitoke, a pelagic form able to reproduce. this is where gametes are produced

Question 20

sedentia vs errantia

Answer 20

sedentia= sessile
errantia = active

Question 21

what two types of burrows do polychaete do?

Answer 21

simple vertical or U shaped

Question 22

what do burrows serve as for polychaetes?

Answer 22

protective retreat.

• a lair for catching passing prey
• provide access to clean oxygenated water above a muddy or sandy bottom

Question 23

describe the tubes of sedentia polychaetes

Answer 23

• made of secreted material from glands on the ventral surfaces
• permit the worm to inhabit hard, bare surfaces such as rock shell or coral

Question 24

what type of sensory appendages are well developed in sendentia polychaeta?

Answer 24

• prostomial.

- 1st segment of a worm’s body in the anterior end

Question 25

how do errant polychaeta move (using an anchor system)

Answer 25

eversible pharynx | -punch and anchor in the sediment, and upon retraction move themselves forwards

Question 26

manners in which polychaeta burrow/move about

Answer 26

peristaltic burrowing eversible pharynx rapid lateral undulations (shimmy) crawl with parapodia and body waves

Question 27

Polynoidae is a ________ of polychaetes?

Answer 27

guest. lives in tubes and the burrows of other polychates and crustaceans on corals and the ambulacral grooves of sea stars. symbiotic.

Question 28

Class hirudinea: - where can you find them? - how many segments? - setae? - what type of parasites? - parapodia?

Answer 28

- marine, fw, terrestrial - 32-34 segments - generally ectoparasites - no setae - lack parapodia

Question 29

how are hirudinea shaped?

Answer 29

dorsoventrally flattened, anteriorly tapered. | annulations external.

Question 30

why is movement different for hirundea?

Answer 30

no septa between segments, reductions of coelom. - inchworm like movement - undulates like eels

Question 31

where are the suckers located on hirudinea?

Answer 31

anterior and posterior

Question 32

describe the reproduction type of hirudinea

Answer 32

- internal fertilization - hermaphroditic - anterior suckers grasp - cocoon appears for egg laying

Question 33

what country is big on medicinal leeches?

Answer 33

india

Question 34

what species of leech is used for medicine?

Answer 34

Hirudo medicinalis

Question 35

what would you use a medicinal leech for?

Answer 35

- anti-coagulants - vasodilators (heart disease) - plastic surgery - reattachment of limbs

Question 36

hirudin

Answer 36

anti-coagulant properties in Hirudo medicinalis.

Question 37

what type of carnivore are hirudinea?

Answer 37

sanguivores

Question 38

Oligochaeta are found in which environments?

Answer 38

mainly fw and terrestrial

Question 39

oligochaeta | -parapodia

Answer 39

absent. instead simple setae

Question 40

clitellum

Answer 40

a thickened glandular section of the body wall near the head that secretes a viscid sac in which eggs are deposited. Hirudinae + oligochaeta

Question 41

oligochaeta: - what type of reproduction? - gonads? - reproductive segments?

Answer 41

- hermaphrodites - permanent gonads - specific reproductive segment

Question 42

how often do oligoghaetes breed?

Answer 42

semi continually

Question 43

describe the feeding preferences of oligochaetes - type of feeder - what type of food do they feed on - when do they ingest

Answer 43

- scavengers - feed on vegetation and decomposing matter - ingest while burrowing