Anomalies

Question 1

intrinsic vs extrinsic vs congenital?

common examples?

Answer 1

intrinsic= hereditary, genetic (missing tooth, peg lateral)
extrinsic= physical/chemical trauma, nutrition (flourosis)
congenital= before birth, intrinsic or extrinsic causes (syfolis)

Question 2

adontia is? hypodontia? oliogodontia?

Answer 2

adnodontia= missing ALL teeth; rare and congenital
hypodontia= missing one or more
oligodontia= missing 6 or more

Question 3

commonly missing adult teeth?

Answer 3

3rd molars (especialy maxillary)
2nd mandibular PM
maxillary lateral incisors
(sometimes primary mandibular incisor and permanent mandibular central incisor)

Question 4

supernumerary or accessory teeth?

Determined in what stage?

Answer 4

mesidens or distodens

genetic (BUD STAGE)

Question 5

mesiodens vs distodens

Answer 5

BOTH accessory teeth
mesiodens= maxillary midline
distodens= posterior third molar

Question 6

is a impacted tooth considered missing?

Answer 6

No

Question 7

two types of abnormal sized teeth?

Answer 7

morphodifferentition disturbance; single or few teeth, changes size of teeth

1) macrodontia
2) microdontia

Question 8

what is true macrodontia? false?

Answer 8

true= gigantism
false= incisors, canines, and mandibular 3rd molars

Question 9

what is true microdontia? false?

Answer 9

true= dwarfism
false= maxillary lateral incisors (peg laterals) and maxillary 3rd molars

Question 10

what stages are disturbed to get abnormal crown and root shape?

Answer 10

disturbances of morphodifferentiation and appositional stages during the bell stage

Question 11

taurodontism

Answer 11

affects molars and premolars
crown greater proportion of tooth
No distinct root or CEJ
long pulp chamber and tiny roots/canals

Question 12

dilaceration

Answer 12

nonlinear tooth form where BOTH crown and root are affected; caused by trauma/pressure or just exists

Question 13

flexion

Answer 13

nonlinear form of ROOT ONLY with sharp bends; caused by trauma/pressure

Question 14

gemination

Answer 14

• incomplete splitting of a ONE tooth bud
  * twinning is complete separation
• will have a notch or groove as indication on crown
• wide mesialdistal dimension
• incisor most common

Question 15

fusion

Answer 15

union of TWO tooth buds

• ***SEPARATE PULP CHAMBERS (and typically two roots)
• combined BOTH enamel and dentin
• large mesiodistal deminsion
• can occur anywhere but common in anterio

Question 16

concrescence

Answer 16

union of the root cementum ONLY, occurs after tooth eruption

Question 17

segmented root

Answer 17

break in dentinogenesis, possible cause of root death

Question 18

dwarfed root?

Most common tooth?

Answer 18

• small roots
• max incisor most common
• curved crowns, but doesn’t mean it is smaller
• hereditary but can occur due to orthodontic

Question 19

hypercementosis

Answer 19

excessive cememtum buildup due to trauma, pulpal inflammation and metabolic causes
*mostly on molars, crown looks normal (only affects root)

Question 20

talon cusps

Answer 20

an accessory cusp typically found on incisors, heredity

Question 21

accessory cusps

Answer 21

entire extra cusps found on molars (tuberulum intermesium) or incisors (talon cusps)

• morphodifferentiation
• hereditary

Question 22

extra roots typically found on what teeth?

commonly split what direction?

Answer 22

• 3rd molars
• max first PM
• Man anterior teeth (possible two roots)
• *trauma, pressure, metabolic reasons
• *split faciolingual (MD rare)

Question 23

commonly missing cusps?

Answer 23

lingual cusp on mandibular 1st PM (looks like another canine)
distolingual cusp on max 2nd molar
distal cusp on mand 1st molar

Question 24

enamel pearls?

What stage?

Answer 24

spherical nodules of enamel that form on the cementum near the CEJ

• apposition stage
• typically on molars
• prone to periodontal disease

Question 25

hutchinsons incisors? | What stage?

Answer 25

hypoplastic defect from prenatal/congenital syphilis * morpho stage * deep incisal notch on permanent incisors * **within normal mesiodistal dimension*

Question 26

mulberry molar

Answer 26

hypoplastic defect from prenatal syphilis on first molars (mand more common) *morpho stage

Question 27

dens in denta

Answer 27

a tooth within a tooth! caused by a reversed enamel and dentin concavity formation creating two pulp chambers **Max lateral incisors

Question 28

odontoma? two types?

Answer 28

benign tumor calcified dentin tissue caused by trauma or infection 1) complex 2) compound

Question 29

complex vs compound odontoma?

Answer 29

1) complex= DOESN'T look like tooth; no definite dental form | 2) compound= looks like teeth; recognizable dental form

Question 30

enamel dysplasia examples

Answer 30

ameolgenesis imperfecta flouosis enamel damage from high fever focal hypermaturation

Question 31

dentin dysplasia examples

Answer 31

dentinogenesis imperfecta | tetracycline stain

Question 32

what is enamel dysplasia?

Answer 32

local, systemic or hereditary causes bands, ridges, pits discolored appearance

Question 33

enamel hypoplasia vs enamel hypocalcification

Answer 33

``` hypoplasia= not enough enamel hypocalcification= poorly calcified, not mature ```

Question 34

amelogenesis imperfecta

Answer 34

hereditary disease of enamel dysplasia * absence of immature enamel * rough tooth surfaces * prone to rampant dental caries (all over the mouth, entire crown)

Question 35

dental fluorosis

Answer 35

enamel dysplasia example * enamal calcification stage * hypocalcification from high levels of dietary fluoride while young creating white to brown bands * resistant to carries

Question 36

focal hypermaturation

Answer 36

enamel dysplasia example * white chalky opaque appearance * prone to dental caries

Question 37

turners teeth

Answer 37

local etiologic factors or trauma/infection | *typically localized to 1 tooth (anterior and labioversion teeth)

Question 38

what is dentinal dysplasia?

Answer 38

dentin matrix formation and calcification * histodifferentiation and apposition 1) tetracycline staining 2) dentinogensis imperfecta

Question 39

tatracycline staining

Answer 39

**dentinal dysplasia effect relative to antibiotic use yellow, gray, pruple color

Question 40

dentinogensis imperfecta

Answer 40

``` **dentinal dysplasia hereditary weak dentin structure, enamel unsupported opalescent dentin (blue-brown color) ***NO PULP CHAMBER (dentin fills it) ```

Question 41

attrition

Answer 41

due to tooth to tooth grinding (bruxism)

Question 42

abrasion

Answer 42

due to mechanical wearing away (rubbing together)

Question 43

abfraction

Answer 43

due to heavy occlusion with enamel chipping off at cervical

Question 44

erosion

Answer 44

due to tooth destruction from acids (lemons or stomach acid)

Question 45

pulp chambers are almost at the same level as?

Answer 45

CEJ

Question 46

is dentin or enamel more easy for abrasion to occur?

Answer 46

dentin

Question 47

diseases for abnormal root morphology?

Answer 47

- dilaceration or flexion - dens in dente - concrescence - dwarfed roots -hhypercementosis - accessory (extra) roots

Question 48

abnormal crown morphologies?

Answer 48

-3rd molars -peg shaped max lateral incisors -gemination (twinning) fusion -hutchinson's (congenital syphilis) -# of lingual cusps accessory cusps, tubercles, ridges variation in tooth size shovel-shaped incisors

Question 49

5 stages of physiological processes?

Answer 49

1) initiation - D.L. and bud stage - existance of teeth 2) proliferation - bud, cap, bell stage - general shape and size of teeth 3) histodifferentiation - late cap and bell stage - dentin and enamel forming cells 4) morphodifferentiation - bud, cap, bell stages - shape and size of the teeth determined - enamel and dentin not effected 5) apposition - bell, cap and root stage - enamel and dentin formation

Question 50

4 stages of tooth development

Answer 50

1) dental lamina and bud stage - epithelial thickening - dental lamina - enamel organ 2) cap stage - inner and outer epithelium 3) bell stage - tooth form identified - dentinoenamel junction - enamel and dentin formation 4) root development - cementoenamel junction formation CEJ - dentin and cementum formation