Anomalies of the Placenta and Cord

Question 1

TYPES OF PLACENTAL ANOMALIES

Answer 1

Placenta Succenturiata
Placenta Circumvallata
Battledore Placenta
Velamentous Insertion of the Cord
Vasa Previa
Placenta Accreta

Question 2

The normal placenta weighs approximately _________ and is ____________ in diameter and _______________ thick.

Answer 2

500 g; 15 to 20 cm; 1.5 to 3.0 cm

Question 3

weight of the placenta is approximately ____________ that of the fetus.

Answer 3

one sixth

Question 4

has one or more accessory lobes connected to the main placenta by blood vessels.

Answer 4

Placenta Succenturiata

Question 5

the fetal side of the placenta is covered to some extent with chorion

Answer 5

Placenta Circumvallata

Question 6

The umbilical cord enters the placenta at the usual midpoint, and large vessels spread out from there.

Answer 6

Placenta Circumvallata

Question 7

The cord is inserted marginally rather than centrally

Answer 7

Battledore Placenta

Question 8

Situation in which the cord, instead of entering the placenta directly, separates into small vessels that reach the placenta by spreading across a fold of amnion

Answer 8

Velamentous Insertion of the Cord

Question 9

This form of cord insertion is most frequently found with multiple gestations.

Answer 9

Velamentous Insertion of the Cord

Question 10

Velamentous Insertion of the Cord is most frequently found with ______________________________

Answer 10

multiple gestations.

Question 11

is an unusually deep attachment of the placenta to the uterine myometrium, so deep that the placenta will not loosen and deliver

Answer 11

Placenta Accreta

Question 12

Attempts to remove it manually may lead to extreme hemorrhage because of the deep attachment.

Answer 12

Placenta Accreta

Question 13

In Placenta Accreta, __________________ to remove the uterus or treatment with _________________ to destroy the still-attached tissue may be necessary.

Answer 13

Hysterectomy; methotrexate

Question 14

TYPES OF CORD ANOMALIES

Answer 14

Two-Vessel Cord
Unusual Cord Length

Question 15

A normal cord contains

Answer 15

one vain and two arteries

Question 16

The absence of one of the umbilical arteries is associated with_________________________________ because the insult that caused the loss of the vessel may have also affected other mesoderm germ layer structures.

Answer 16

congenital heart and kidney anomalies

Question 17

An unusually short umbilical cord can result in

Answer 17

premature separation of the placenta or an abnormal fetal lie

Question 18

An unusually long cord may be easily _____________________ because of its tendency to twist or knot.

Answer 18

compromised