ANP 1107 - Male Reproductive System Flashcards
(53 cards)
1
Q
SCROTUM
A
- Hangs outside the abdominal cavity
- Contains testes
- Divided by septum
- 3 degrees lower
2
Q
Dartos Muscle (scrotum)
A
Smoot muscle
3
Q
Cremaster Muscle (scrotum)
A
Skeletal muscle
4
Q
Testes: Tunics
A
Tunica Vaginalis: two layers, derived from the peritoneal cavity
Tunica Albuginuea: fibrous capsule of the testes
5
Q
Testes
A
- Each on contains 250 lobules
- —-Each lobule contains 1-4 seminiferous tubules
6
Q
Testes: Leydig cells
A
- Found in soft connective tissue surrounding seminiferous tubules
- Produce ANDROGENS
7
Q
Testicular Artery
A
- From abdominal aorta –> pelvis
- Supply testes
8
Q
Testicular Veins
A
- From paminiform venous plexus
- Surrounds the testicular artery within the scrotum
- Absorbs heat from arterial blood, cooling it
9
Q
Testes: Spermatic Cord
A
- Blood, lymph vessels, nerves
10
Q
Sperm in Epididymis
A
Seminiferous tubules –> Tubulus Rectus –> Rete Testes –> Efferent ductiles –> epididymis
11
Q
Epididymis
A
- Cup shaped
- 3.8 cm long
- Head contains efferent ductules
- Sperm enters immature and immobile
- 20 days later can swim
- Sperm regenerates every 2-3 months
12
Q
Vas Deferense
A
- Carries away
- 45 cm long
- From epididymis to lingual canal into pelvic cavity
- CUT THIS FOR VESECTOMY
13
Q
Vas Deferense: mucosa epithelium
A
- Pseudostratistfied
14
Q
Urethra
A
- Terminal portion of male duct system
15
Q
Prostatic Urethra
A
- Surrounded by the prostrate
16
Q
Membranous Urethra
A
- Urogenital diaphragm
17
Q
Spongy Urethra
A
- Through penis
- 75% of urethral length
18
Q
Glands
A
- 2 seminal vesicles
- 2 bulboureathral glands
- Prostate glands
- Produce bulk of semen
19
Q
Seminal Vesicles Glands
A
- Posterior to bladder surface
- 5-7 cm long
- Contracts during ejaculation
- 70% of semen
20
Q
Musocal Cypts in Seminal Vesicles
A
- yellow, viscous sugar
- fructose
- sugar
- coagulating enzymnes
- prostaglandins
21
Q
Prostate Gland
A
- Encircles urethra
- Inferior to bladder
- Semen enters via ducts when smooth muscles contracts
- 1/3 volume of semen
- Activates sperm
- Milky, acidic
22
Q
Prostate Gland Composites
A
- Milky
- Acidic
- Citrate
- Enzymes
- Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
23
Q
Bulbourethral Glands
A
- Pea sized
- Inferior prostate
- Produces thick clear mucus
- Mucus neutralizes traces of acidic urine
24
Q
Penis
A
- Composed of shaft and glans penis
- Contains spongy urethra and three cylindrical bodies
25
Corpus Spongiousum
Surrounds uretha
26
Semen
- Milky white fluid
- Mixture of sperm, testicular fluid and accessory gland secretions
- Transports nutrients
- Protects and activates sperm
27
Relaxin
enhances sperm motility
28
Semen pH
7.2 - 7.7
29
Synthesis of Testosterone
Cholesterol --> pregesteron --> androstenedion --> testosterone
30
Testosterone: Gonadal Actions
- Growth and maturation of gonads and accessory glands during puberty
- Essential for spermatogenesis
31
Testosterone: Somactic Actions
- Starts: interacts with bone tissue to converts to estrogenic, growth of bones
- Stops: when levels reached, stimulates closure
- Growth of larynx
- Secretion of sweat
- Hair development
32
Testosterone: Metabolic Actions
Anabolic hematopoiesis BMR
33
Testosterone: CNS Actions
- Maintenance of Libido
| - Agression
34
Anterior Pituitary Hormones
- GH
- TSH
- ACTCH
- FSH
- LH
- PRL
- PIH
35
FSH
- Stimulates sertoli cells, supports spermatogenesis
- Regulates the function of gonads
- Stimulates spermatogenesis by stimulating ABP
36
LH
- Stimulates leydig cells to secrete testosterone
| - Stimulates gamete production of gonadal hormones
37
GnRH
- Controls secretion of FSH and LH
- Released from hypothalamus, reaches cells via blood
- Acts on AP to inhibit gonatropin release
38
Inhibin
- Release by sertoli cells
| - Inhibits only FSH
39
Forming Spermatocytes
- Spematogonia (stem cells) continuously divide
| - Daughter cells, type A and type B
40
Type A
- Stay at the basal lamina to maintain germ cell line
41
Type B
- Cells get pushed towards the lumen and become PRIMARY SPERMATOCYTES
42
Primary Spermatocytes
Undergo meiosis I to form halploid cells to form secondary spermatocytes.
43
Secondary Spermatocytes
- Continue meiosis II
| - Daughter cells are spermatids
44
Spermatids
- Small round cells
- Large nuclei
- Closer to lumen
- Compact their DNA into dense pallets
45
Spermatogenesis
- Spermatids to sperm
- Undergo spermatogenesis
- Results in spermatozoon
- --- Head
- --- Midpeice
- --- Tail
Takes 64-72 days
46
Head of Sperm
- Flattened nucleus
- Contains compact DNA
- Has an acrsome on the top
47
Acrosome
- Produced by Golgi A
| - Contains hydrolytic enzymes that enable sperm to penetrate
48
Tail
- Flagellum
- Produced by one centriole
- Mitochondria allow the sperm to swim
49
Sertoli Cells
- Extend from basal lamina to lumen
| - Bound by lateral tight junctions
50
Basal Compartment
Contains spermatogonia and earliest primary spermatocytes
51
Adluminal Compartment
- Internal to tight junctions
| - Includes meiotically active cells and lumen
52
Leydig Cells
- Between seminiferous tubules
- Vascularized
- Receptor for LH
53
Blood Testis Barrier
- Tight junction between sertoli cells
- prevents membrane antigens from escaping
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