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ANS Flashcards

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1
Q

Autonomic Nervous System other names

A

visceral nervous system” or “visceral motor system”

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2
Q

Autonomic Nervous System consist of what type of fibers

A

Motor (efferent fibers) and Afferent fibers

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3
Q

Motor (efferent fibers)

A

which travel to an end organ
Smooth muscle (viscera, blood vessels)
Modified cardiac muscle
Glandular cells

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4
Q

Glandular cells

A

A type of cell that makes mucus and is found in tissue that lines the inner part of the cervix.

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5
Q

when is the ANS active in the viscera

A

ANS is ALWAYS active in the viscera, to provide a “basal tone”

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6
Q

getting to the target in the Somatic system

A

primary neuron leaves CNS and directly innervates the effector organ

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7
Q

getting to the target in the autonomic system

A

At least 1 peripheral synapse

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8
Q

2 divisions of the efferent ANS

A

Sympathetic division
Parasympathetic division
Most organs are innervated by both (dual innervation)

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9
Q

Sympathetic division is found in what area of the spine

A

thoracolumbar

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10
Q

Parasympathetic division is found in what divsion of the back

A

craniosacral

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11
Q

how many neurons are involved in passing impluses from the CNS to the efferent organ

A

2 neurons

Presynaptic (aka preganglionic)
Postsynaptic (aka postganglionic)

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12
Q

Presynaptic cell body location

A

in the CNS grey matter

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13
Q

Postsynaptic cell body location - general

A

outside the CNS, in autonomic ganglia of thorax, abdomen, or pelvis

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14
Q

how can you tell if a neuron is part of the para or sym system​

A

Location of presynaptic cell bodies
Which nerves conduct the presynaptic fibers from the CNS

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15
Q

how are the postsynaptic neurons of sym and para differ

A

postsynaptic neurons liberate different neurotransmitters

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16
Q

what NT do sym postsynaptic neurons give off

A

generally norepinephrine

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17
Q

what NT do para postsynapatic neurons give off

A

generally acetylcholine

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18
Q

what is the role of the sym NS

A

catabolic system
“Fight-or-flight” response – enables the ​body to deal with stress

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19
Q

what is the function of the sym NS

A

Primary function = regulate blood vessels
Generally, ↑ sympathetic signals = vasoconstriction
Exceptions: coronary vessels, skeletal muscle, and external genitalia

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20
Q

what is role of the para sysmtem

A

Homeostatic or anabolic system
“Rest and digest

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21
Q

how far does the sympathetic systems reach

A

goes to all parts of the body
Exceptions: avascular tissues (cartilage, nails)

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22
Q

length of pre and postsynaptic fibers in the sym system

A

Presynaptic fibers are short
Sympathetic ganglia are close to the midline of the body
Postsynaptic fibers are long
Need to travel all over the body

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23
Q

in the sym NS Cell bodies of presynaptic neurons are located where

A

ALL in the intermediolateral cell columns (IMLs) or nuclei of the spinal cord

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24
Q

where do we find IMLs

A

The R and L IMLs are part of gray matter in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord

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25
IMLs are organized
SOMATOTOPICALLY
26
SOMATOTOPICALLY
when a specific part of the body is associated with a distinct location in the central nervous system. 
27
Cell bodies of postsynaptic neurons are in 2 locations
Paravertebral ganglia Prevertebral ganglia
28
Prevertebral ganglia found in
In plexuses surrounding the abdominal aorta
29
Paravertebral ganglia
Linked; form R and L sympathetic trunks on each side of the vertebral column, from the base of the skull to the coccyx
30
Presynaptic neurons in the sym NS exit where
exit spinal cord through VENTRAL roots exit ventral rami and pass through WHITE RAMI COMMUNICANTES to enter SYMPATHETIC TRUNKS
31
Presynaptic neurons in the sym NS enter where
enter VENTRAL rami of spinal nerves T1 through L2-L3
32
After entering the sympathetic trunks, fibers will take 1 of 4 possible courses
Ascend and synapse with a postganglionic neuron Descend and synapse with a postganglionic neuron Enter and synapse immediately (at the same level) Pass through the sympathetic trunk without synapsing – continue through an abdominopelvic splanchnic nerve to reach the prevertebral ganglia
33
what is the target for nerve that travels through the splanchnic nerve
Fibers that provide autonomic innervation to the abdominal viscera take the 4th course
34
Ratio of presynaptic:postsynaptic fibers in te sym NS
approximately 1:30 or more
35
General Functions of the postsynaptic fiber of the SNS
pilomotion vasomotion sudomotion
36
Vasomotion
contraction of BV
37
Pilomotion
contraction of muscle in control of the hair – goose bumps
38
Sudomotion
sweating
39
what do Splanchnic Nerves carry
Convey visceral afferent AND efferent fibers to/from the viscera of the body cavities
40
postsynaptic in Splanchnic Nerves carry
Postsynaptic sympathetic fibers to the heart, lungs, and esophagus travel through cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves
41
presynaptic in Splanchnic Nerves carry
Presynaptic sympathetic fibers to the abdominal organs (stomach, intestines) travel through abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves
42
Adrenal Gland other name
AKA suprarenal gland
43
how do cell travel to adrenal glands
Some presynaptic sympathetic fibers pass through prevertebral ganglia without synapsing, and terminate directly on cells of the adrenal glands Only expectation to the 2-neuron chain
44
what do adrenal gland do
Adrenal gland medullary cells directly release neurotransmitters into the bloodstream  widespread sympathetic response in the body
45
what does the adrenal gland release
adreniline
46
Parasympathetic Division of ANS is located in what part of the SC
Craniosacral Division
47
Parasympathetic Division of ANS main role
Works to conserve body energy
48
Presynaptic parasympathetic cell bodies are located
2 sites Gray matter of the brainstem, exiting via CN III, VII, IX, and X Gray matter of S2-S4 segments of spinal cord, exiting via VENTRAL RAMI of S2-S4 spinal nerves and PELVIC SPLANCHNIC nerves
49
Cranial outflow provides parasympathetic innervation where
to the head
50
Sacral outflow provides parasympathetic innervation to where
to the pelvic viscera And the distal GI tract (descending and sigmoid colon, and rectum)
51
4 peripheral ganglia, near the head:
Ciliary Pterygopalatine Submandibular Otic
52
Ciliary peripheral ganglia
associated with CN III, goes to pupil and ciliary muscle
53
Pterygopalatine peripheral ganglia
associated with CN VII, goes to lacrimal gland
54
Submandibular peripheral ganglia
associated with CN VII, goes to submandibular and sublingual glands
55
Otic peripheral ganglia
Associated with CN IX, goes to parotid gland
56
Vagus nerve (CN X) also has a lot of autonomic fibers
Lungs (bronchoconstriction) – do not need as much air in the lung Heart (slows heart rate)– do not need as much blood flow Esophagus (motility) Stomach (secretions and motility) Intestines (motility of small intestine and most of lg intestine)
57
Parasympathetic vs. Sympathetic
PNS has less “reach” than SNS Fewer ganglia In parasympathetic, presynaptic fibers are very long and postsynaptic fibers are very short
58
PNS has less “reach” than SNS
Does not reach the body wall or limbs (at all) Except for S2-S4, parasympathetic fibers do not form components of spinal nerves or their branches SNS presynaptic:postsynaptic neurons 1:30 ratio; PNS 1:1 or 1:few
59
what is the Enteric Nervous System
disgestive tract NS May be considered a 3rd component of the visceral motor system Sometimes called a “second brain” Very complex Functions autonomously
60
Enteric Nervous System plexuses
2 interconnected plexuses within the GI tract walls Myenteric plexus Submusocal plexus
61
Myenteric plexus
In the walls of the smooth muscle of the GI tract
62
Submusocal plexus
Deep to the gut lining
63
parts of the plexus - in the entric NS
Motor neurons are greatly interconnected Plexuses also have sensory (afferent) neurons that receive local input and stimulate the motor neurons that help with gut motility and immune function
64
ANS function is mostly carried out by what kind of fibers
efferent fibers
65
Afferent fibers important role too in the ANS
Provide information about the condition of the body’s internal environment Afferent fibers relay this information to the CNS CNS responds by triggering visceral and/or somatic reflexes Efferent fibers carry out these responses on the effector organ (gland, smooth muscle)
66
Visceral Sensation conscious
Typically unconscious When it reaches a conscious level, typically felt as cramps or as poorly localized pain (a vague pain)
67
Horner’s Syndrome caused by
occurs with spinal cord lesion at approximately T1 level
68
Horner’s Syndrome presentations
Pupillary constriction Anhidrosis – decrease sweating Ptosis – droopy eyeline Enophthalmos – posterior displacement of eyeball, further in the eyeball then normal Absence of sweating in face & neck – normally on the side of the lesion
69
Baroreceptors
afferent fibers in carotid sinus that detect change in BP
70
Increased BP pathway
Afferent fibers activate pathways in brainstem that will inhibit sympathetic system, causing decreased peripheral vascular resistance Afferent fibers also activate interneurons in the brainstem to increase vagus output, resulting in decreased HR and cardiac output
71
Blood pressure meds often act upon what system
SNS

Anatomy UE (11 decks)

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