ANS Flashcards
Which of the following statements about the control of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) is INCORRECT?
A. It regulates contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle
B. It conveys information from the sensory nervous system
C. It is not under voluntary control
B. It conveys information from the sensory nervous system
Which of the following statements regarding the Parasympathetic Nervous System (PsNS) is CORRECT?
A. The PsNS ganglia are found in the paravertebral synaptic chain
B. The vagus nerve is part of the PsNS
C. The PsNS preganglionic cells originate from the thoraco-lumbar part of the Central Nervous System (CNS)
B. The vagus nerve is part of the PsNS
Which of the following statements regarding the Sympathetic Nervous system (SNS) is INCORRECT?
A. The SNS consists of two neurons serially connected
B. Acetylcholine (ACh) is released from the preganglionic neurons in the SNS
C. The SNS preganglionic cells originate from the cranial and sacral part of the Central Nervous System (CNS)
C. The SNS preganglionic cells originate from the cranial and sacral part of the Central Nervous System (CNS)
Which of the following statements about Acetylcholine are CORRECT?
i) It stimulates the release of adrenaline from the adrenal medulla
ii) It is synthesised by acetylcholinesterase
iii) It is released by the postganglionic neuron of the PsNS
iv) It stimulates adrenergic and muscarinic receptors
A. i) and iii)
B. i) and iv)
C. ii), iii) and iv)
A. i) and iii)
Which of the following statements about acetylcholinesterase is CORRECT?
A. It responds to nicotine
B. It is abundant in the synaptic cleft
C. It is a muscarinic agonist
B. It is abundant in the synaptic cleft
Which of the following statements explains why all the acetylcholine released from cholinergic nerve endings is broken down?
A. Acetylcholine induces adrenaline release from the adrenal medulla
B. Acetylcholinesterases are present in large quantities in the synaptic cleft
C. Acetylcholine stimulates opening of ion channels
B. Acetylcholinesterases are present in large quantities in the synaptic cleft
Which of the following statements about Noradrenaline is INCORRECT?
A. It is a non-specific adrenergic agonist
B. It is synthesised by monoamine oxidase
C. It is synthesised from an amino acid
B. It is synthesised by monoamine oxidase
Which of the following ANS receptors are ligand-gated ion channels?
A. Nicotinic receptors
B. alpha1 receptors
C. Muscarinic receptors
A. Nicotinic receptors
How does the PsNS cause miosis (pupil constriction)?
A. It causes contraction of the inner circular muscle
B. It causes relaxation of the inner circular muscle
C. It causes contraction of the outer radial muscle
A. It causes contraction of the inner circular muscle
Which of the following statements explains why the sympathetic nervous system causes relaxation of the bladder detrusor muscle?
A. It stimulates the alpha1 receptors in the detrusor muscle
B. It does not innervate the detrusor muscle
C. It stimulates the beta2 receptors in the detrusor muscle
C. It stimulates the beta2 receptors in the detrusor muscle
Which of the following are induced by activation of the PsNS?
i) pupil miosis
ii) bronchodilation
iii) decreased heart rate
A. i) and ii)
B. i) and iii)
C. ii) and iii)
B. i) and iii)
Bronchodilatation in the lungs is regulated by the SNS via which ANS receptors?
A. alpha 1 receptors
B. beta2 receptors
c. alpha2 receptors
B. beta2 receptors
Stimulation of the SNS causes which of the following responses?
A. Relaxation of the GIT smooth muscle
B. Contraction of the bladder detrusor muscle
C. Reduction of the heart rate
A. Relaxation of the GIT smooth muscle
Which of the following adrenergic agonists is selective for alpha receptors?
A. Adrenaline
B. Phenylepherine
C. Salbutamol
B. Phenylepherine
Which of the following statements about alpha agonist selectivity is CORRECT?
A. Noradrenaline and adrenaline have equal selectivity for the alpha adrenoceptors
B. Phenylephrine is selective for alpha1 adrenoceptors Dobutamine is a non-selective
C. Dobutamine is a non-selective alpha agonist
B. Phenylephrine is selective for alpha1 adrenoceptors Dobutamine is a non-selective
Why are parasympathomimetics used in the treatment of non-restricted post-operative urinary retention?
A. They reduce mucous secretions
B. They reduce the volume of urine produced
C. They cause contraction of the detrusor and relaxation of the sphincter muscles
C. They cause contraction of the detrusor and relaxation of the sphincter muscles
Dilatation of the muscle arteries, relaxation of the GIT smooth muscles and increased heart rate (chronotropic effect) and force (ionotropic effect) are all the actions of which agonist?
A. Adrenaline
B. Salbutamol
C. Phenylephrine
A. Adrenaline
Which response can NOT be caused by Atropine?
A. Bronchodilation
B. Pupillary constriction
C. Relaxation of the GIT smooth muscle
B. Pupillary constriction
Which of the following statements about Hyoscine are CORRECT?
i) It competitively antagonises muscarinic receptors
ii) It is used to prevent motion sickness
iii) It is a CNS stimulant
A. i) and iii)
B. i) and ii)
C. ii) and iii)
B. i) and ii)
Which of the following can NOT be treated with anticholinesterase drugs?
A. Scabies infestation
B. Nasal congestion
C. Glaucoma
B. Nasal congestion
Pseudoephedrine acts as a nasal decongestant by which of the following mechanisms?
A. It causes constriction of blood vessels by alpha1 stimulation
B. Causing a local anaesthetic effect
C. It causes constriction of mucous tissue by beta2 stimulation
A. It causes constriction of blood vessels by alpha1 stimulation
If beta blockers are used to treat hypertension which of the following conditions is contraindicated?
A. Asthma
B. Glaucoma
C. Hypotension
A. Asthma
Which of the following statements about urinary incontinence is INCORRECT?
A. Muscarinic blocking drugs can be used to treat incontinence
B. Genuine stress incontinence is more prevalent in men than women
C. Prostate enlargement can restrict urinary outflow
B. Genuine stress incontinence is more prevalent in men than women
Which of the following drug categories may be used in the treatment of Glaucoma?
i) beta blockers
ii) anticholinesterases
iii) muscarinic agonists
iv) beta agonists
v) alpha2 agonists
A. i), ii) and iv)
B. i), ii), iii) and v)
C. ii), iii), iv) and v)
B. i), ii), iii) and v)
