Respiratory Consolidation Lecture

Question 1

Describe Asthma

Answer 1

Inflammatory/immune-linked respiratory disorder, characterised by periodic and/or variable inflammation of airways

Question 2

Describe COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)

Answer 2

Disease of chronic lung damage/destruction (often linked to smoking) leading to persistent respiratory symptoms

Question 3

Describe Cystic Fibrosis

Answer 3

Genetic disorder caused by faulty gene, leading to issues in movement of chloride and water. Sticky mucus leads to tissues with chronic infections.

Question 4

Describe Pneumonia

Answer 4

Significant/serious lung infection where air sacs may fill with purulent material (i.e. fluid/pus) associated with significant mortality

Question 5

Describe an ‘acute respiratory condition’

Answer 5

Conditions which have an acute onset and can frequently be fully treated in most patients (i.e. lung infections, pneumonia etc.). Can occur in patients with no history of lung conditions.

Question 6

Describe a ‘chronic respiratory condition’

Answer 6

Conditions which require chronic treatment (i.e. asthma, COPD). Treatment will typically focus on prevention of flare-ups, minimising risk of disease progression or minimising symptoms.

Question 7

Describe ‘acute flare-ups of chronic conditions’

Answer 7

Acute worsening of chronic condition causing an acute flare-up of symptoms with potential associated morbidity and mortality (i.e. acute exacerbations of COPD, asthma attacks).

Question 8

How many people in the UK have ‘severe’ asthma?

Answer 8

250 000

Question 9

True/False: Women are more likely to be diagnosed with COPD

Answer 9

False - Males slightly more likely to be diagnosed, but females disproportionately affected by mortality in Northern England + Scotland

Question 10

Name the types of pneumonia

Answer 10

• CAP: Community Acquired Pneumonia
• HAP: Hospital Acquired Pneumonia
• VAP: Ventilator-associated Pneumonia
• Aspiration Pneumonia

Question 11

Describe CAP

Answer 11

Pneumonia which develops in community settings

Question 12

Describe HAP

Answer 12

Pneumonia which develops 48 hours or more after hospital admission

Question 13

Describe VAP

Answer 13

Pneumonia occurring in those that are mechanically ventilated

Question 14

Describe Aspiration Pneumonia

Answer 14

Pneumonia where the contents of the stomach, food, drink, saliva are inhaled (i.e. for a patient following sedation)

Question 15

Name the drug delivery options for inhaled therapies

Answer 15

• Pressurised Metered-dose Inhalers (pMDIs)
• Dry powder Inhalers (DPIs)
• Breath-actuated Inhalers
• Aqueous / ‘Mist’ Inhalers
• Nebulisation