ANS

Question 1

What are the 2 divisions of the PNS?

Answer 1

Sensory afferent

Motor efferent

Question 2

What are the 2 divisions of the sensory afferent?

Answer 2

Somatic, visceral

Question 3

What are the 2 divisions of the motor efferent PNS?

Answer 3

Somatic Nervous System

Autonomic Nervous System

Question 4

The ANS is a branch of which nervous system?

Answer 4

Visceral motor efferent of the PNS

Question 5

Somatic sensory afferent receives signals from what?

Answer 5

Skin
Bones
Skeletal muscle

Question 6

Visceral sensory afferent receives signals from?

Answer 6

Organs
Glands
Vessels

Question 7

Somatic nervous system sends efferent signals to what?

Answer 7

Skeletal muscle

Question 8

What are the 2 branches of the ANS?

Answer 8

Sympathetic

Parasympathetic

Question 9

What do the visceral efferent neurons of ANS innervate?

Answer 9

Smooth muscle
Cardiac muscle
Glands

Question 10

Where is smooth muscle innervated by ANS located?

Answer 10

Walls of organs
Walls of vessels
Hair follicles
Eye

Question 11

What is the entire structure of a nerve? Smallest to largest

Answer 11

Axon –> endoneurium –> fascicle –> perineurium –> nerve –> epineurium

Question 12

What is an axon?

Answer 12

Part of a neuron

Question 13

What is the endoneurium?

Answer 13

Surrounds individual axons

Question 14

What is a fascicle?

Answer 14

Groups of axons

Question 15

What is a perineurium?

Answer 15

Surrounds fascicle

Question 16

What is a nerve?

Answer 16

Cluster of fascicles and blood vessels

Question 17

What is an epineurium?

Answer 17

Surrounds entire nerve

Question 18

What are the 4 types of neurons?

Answer 18

Somatic efferent
Somatic afferent
Visceral efferent
Visceral afferent

Question 19

What is unique about visceral efferent neurons?

Answer 19

They are actually a 2-neuron chain

Question 20

What type of neuron is a visceral efferent neuron?

Answer 20

Multipolar

Question 21

What is a preganglionic fiber?

Answer 21

Part of the first neuron in the CNS before the synapse in the PNS at the ganglia

Question 22

Where in general does the synapse occur?

Answer 22

Ganglia of PNS

Question 23

What is a postganglionic fiber?

Answer 23

Part of second neuron after the synapse in the PNS that goes to target organ

Question 24

Where are the cell bodies of preganglionic sympathetic neurons?

Answer 24

Lateral horns of T1-L2/L3 in CNS

Question 25

Preganglionic sympathetic neurons leave the CNS via what structure?

Answer 25

Ventral root

Question 26

Where do sympathetic preganglionic fibers synapse?

Answer 26

Sympathetic chain | Prevertebral ganglia

Question 27

What are the effects of the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 27

``` Increase HR Dilate pupils Increase sweating Dilate bronchi Divert blood to muscles ```

Question 28

What is the thoracolumbar division?

Answer 28

Sympathetic nervous system location of preganglionic cell bodies

Question 29

Where are the cell bodies of preganglionic parasympathetic neurons?

Answer 29

Brainstem | S2-S4

Question 30

Which has longer postganglionic fibers, sympathetic or parasympathetic?

Answer 30

Sympathetic | Parasympathetic has short postganglionic fibers since synapse is CLOSE to target organ

Question 31

What are the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 31

``` Increase digestion Increase excretion Conserve energy Decrease HR Constrict pupils Constrict bronchi Increase peristalsis Increase secretion of digestive enzymes ```

Question 32

Where are the preganglionic cell bodies of the parasympathetic located in the brainstem?

Answer 32

CN3, CN7, CN9, CN10

Question 33

Where are the parasympathetic preganglionic cell bodies of the sacral spinal cord located?

Answer 33

Lateral horns of S2-S4

Question 34

What is the craniosacral division?

Answer 34

Parasympathetic preganglionic cell bodies

Question 35

Where is the sympathetic chain?

Answer 35

Lateral to vertebral column | Base of skull to coccyx

Question 36

What connects spinal nerves to sympathetic chain?

Answer 36

Rami communicantes

Question 37

What is the difference between the WRC and GRC?

Answer 37

WRC- where neurons ENTER the sympathetic chain | GRC- where neurons EXIT the sympathetic chain

Question 38

Where do preganglionic neurons synapse in cervical region?

Answer 38

Superior, middle and inferior cervical ganglia

Question 39

What is the path of a preganglionic sympathetic neuron?

Answer 39

Lateral horn --> ventral horn --> ventral root --> spinal nerve --> WRC --> sympathetic chain

Question 40

Once in the sympathetic chain, where can the preganglionic neuron travel?

Answer 40

Limbs/body wall Head Thoracic cavity Abdominopelvic cavity

Question 41

If the visceral efferent structure is located in the limbs/body wall, where does the sympathetic pre and post ganglionic neurons travel?

Answer 41

Preganglionic travels from T1-L2/L3 and synapses at the level of the organ in the sympathetic chain and postganglionic fiber travels to limbs/body wall

Question 42

If the visceral efferent structure is located in the head, where does the sympathetic pre and post ganglionic neurons travel?

Answer 42

Preganglionic fibers travel from T1-L2/L3 to sympathetic chain and go UP toward cervical region where they synapse at superior cervical ganglion

Question 43

How do postganglionic sympathetic neurons travel to innervate head structures?

Answer 43

Through internal and external carotid nerves

Question 44

How do postganglionic sympathetic neurons travel to innervate structures in the thoracic cavity?

Answer 44

Through cardiac nerves

Question 45

How do postganglionic sympathetic neurons travel to innervate the abdominopelvic cavity?

Answer 45

Through splanchnic nerves

Question 46

If the target organ is within the abdominopelvic cavity, where does the synapse occur?

Answer 46

Preganglionic fibers DO NOT synapse in the sympathetic chain but synapse in prevertebral ganglia of plexuses and postganglionic fibers travel via splanchnic nerves to target

Question 47

After the synapse, how do postganglionic sympathetic fibers get to target organ?

Answer 47

Leave via GRC from sympathetic trunk to target organ

Question 48

Where do parasympathetic preganglionic neurons travel?

Answer 48

Cranial and splanchnic nerves to target organs directly

Question 49

Where do parasympathetic preganglionic neurons synapse?

Answer 49

In ganglia close to target organ

Question 50

What are the 2 branches of the nervous system?

Answer 50

Peripheral and Central