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Anatomy Quiz 3 > Mediastinum > Flashcards

Mediastinum Flashcards

(96 cards)

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1
Q

What is the superior border of the mediastinum?

A

Superior thoracic aperture

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2
Q

What is the inferior border of the mediastinum?

A

Diaphragm

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3
Q

What is the anterior border of the mediastinum?

A

Sternum

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4
Q

What is the posterior border of the mediastinum?

A

Thoracic vertebrae

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5
Q

What is the lateral border of the mediastinum?

A

Pulmonary cavities/lungs

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6
Q

What divides the mediastinum into superior and inferior parts?

A

Transverse thoracic plane

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7
Q

Where does the transverse thoracic plane pass through?

A

Sternal angle and T4-T5

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8
Q

What structures are located in the mediastinum?

A

Thymus, heart, great vessels, trachea, esophagus, posterior vessels

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9
Q

What is the most anterior structure within the mediastinum?

A

Thymus

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10
Q

What is the function of the thymus?

A

Development of T cells

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11
Q

What is involution?

A

Process of thymus becoming smaller and mostly fat during development from adolescence into adulthood

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12
Q

What 2 layers make up the pericardium?

A

Fibrous and serous

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13
Q

What layers make up the serous pericardium?

A

Visceral and parietal

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14
Q

What is the fibrous pericardium attached to?

A

Diaphragm and tunica adventitia of great vessels

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15
Q

Do the parietal and visceral pericardial layers become continuous?

A

Yes! Near the great vessels

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16
Q

Where is the pericardial cavity?

A

Between visceral and parietal serous layers

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17
Q

What is the epicardium?

A

Another name for the visceral pericardium that is attached to the heart

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18
Q

What are the visceral and parietal serous layers attached to?

A

Visceral- heart

Parietal- fibrous pericardium

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19
Q

What great vessels are located in the mediastinum?

A

Ascending aorta, pulmonary trunk, superior/inferior vena cavae, pulmonary veins

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20
Q

What does the ascending aorta connect?

A

Left ventricle –> aortic arch

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21
Q

What does the pulmonary trunk connect?

A

Right ventricle –> pulmonary arteries –> lungs

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22
Q

What do the superior/inferior vena cavae connect?

A

Venous system –> right atrium

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23
Q

What do the pulmonary veins connect?

A

Lungs –> left atrium

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24
Q

What venous vessels form the SVC?

A

Right and left brachiocephalic veins

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25
What venous vessels become the right brachiocephalic vein?
Internal jugular vein and subclavian vein
26
Where does the inferior vena cava pass through?
Diaphragm at T8
27
What are the three parts of the aorta?
Ascending, arch, descending thoracic
28
What branches off the ascending aorta?
Right and left coronary arteries
29
What branches off the aortic arch?
Brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery
30
What branches off the brachiocephalic trunk?
Right common carotid artery, right subclavian artery
31
Where does the descending thoracic aorta start?
T4-T5
32
Where does the aortic arch lie?
Goes posterior and to the left
33
Where does the thoracic aorta lie?
Anterolateral to vertebral column
34
What branches from the thoracic aorta?
Bronchial arteries, esophageal arteries, posterior intercostal arteries
35
What do the bronchial arteries supply?
Lungs
36
What do the esophageal arteries supply?
Esophagus
37
What do the posterior intercostal arteries supply?
Chest wall
38
How far down does the thoracic aorta go?
Moves posteriorly to diaphragm at T12 and then becomes abdominal aorta
39
What branches off the pulmonary trunk?
Right and left pulmonary arteries
40
Where does the right pulmonary artery lie?
Travels posterior to ascending aorta and SVC
41
Where does the left pulmonary artery lie?
Travels anterior to thoracic aorta
42
What is the ductus arteriosus?
Connects pulmonary trunk to aortic arch during development to bypass lungs
43
What is the ligamentum arteriosum?
Remnant of the ductus arteriosus
44
Where does the ligamentum arteriosum lie?
Aortopulmonary window
45
Where does the trachea lie?
Posterior to great vessels
46
Where does the trachea bifurcate?
T4
47
What are the lymph nodes surrounding trachea?
Tracheobronchial, paratracheal
48
Where do the tracheobronchial lymph nodes lie?
At tracheal bifurcation
49
Where do the paratracheal lymph nodes lie?
Along lateral side of trachea
50
Where does the esophagus lie?
Posterior to trachea
51
What does the esophagus connect?
Pharynx and stomach
52
Where does the esophagus exit?
At T10 through esophageal hiatus
53
Where does the accessory hemiazygos lie?
Superior to hemiazygos and left anterolateral to vertebral column
54
Where does the hemiazygos lie?
Left anterolateral to vertebral column and inferior to accessory hemiazygos
55
Where does the azygos vein lie?
Right anterolateral to vertebral column
56
What does the azygos vein drain?
Posterior intercostal veins, esophageal veins, mediastinal veins
57
Where does the azygos vein drain to?
SVC and IVC
58
Where does the thoracic duct lie?
Cisterna chyli moving anteriorly to vertebral column, right of the thoracic aorta, and left of the azygos vein
59
Where does the thoracic duct drain?
Junction of left internal jugular vein and left subclavian vein
60
What does the thoracic duct drain?
Most of the body except the upper right quadrant
61
Where does the sympathetic trunk lie?
From base of skull to coccyx | Lateral to vertebral column and anterior to ribs
62
What do the gray/white rami communicantes connect?
Connect sympathetic trunks to spinal nerves
63
Where do the cardiac nerves originate from?
Cervical and upper thoracic sympathetic ganglia
64
Are cardiac nerves pre or postganglionic?
Postganglionic sympathetic
65
Are cardiac nerves sympathetic or parasympathetic?
Sympathetic
66
What do the cardiac nerves innervate?
Viscera of thoracic cavity
67
Where do cardiac nerves travel before innervating final structures?
Thoracic visceral plexuses (there are 3 of them)
68
What are the 3 visceral plexuses of the mediastinum?
Cardiac, esophageal, pulmonary
69
Where is the cardiac plexus?
Aortic arch
70
Where is the pulmonary plexus?
Tracheal bifurcation and primary bronchi
71
Where is the esophageal plexus?
Esophagus
72
Where do the thoracic splanchnic nerves originate?
T5-T12 sympathetic ganglia
73
Are thoracic splanchnic nerves pre or post ganglionic?
Preganglionic sympathetic neurons
74
What do the thoracic splanchnic nerves innervate?
Viscera in abdominal and pelvic cavities
75
What are the 3 types of splanchnic nerves and where do they originate?
Greater splanchnic- T5-T9 Lesser splanchnic- T10-T11 Least splanchnic- T12
76
What are the 3 major nerves of the mediastinum?
Phrenic, Vagus, left recurrent laryngeal
77
Where does the phrenic originate?
C3-C5
78
Where do the phrenic nerves go in relation to the lung?
Anterior to roots of lungs
79
What types of innervation are phrenic nerves?
Somatic efferent and somatic afferent
80
What nervous system is the phrenic part of?
Somatic nervous system
81
What does the phrenic nerve innervate?
Somatic efferent- diaphragm | Somatic afferent- central diaphragm, fibrous and parietal pericardium, mediastinal pleura, central diaphragm pleura
82
What vessels travel along phrenic nerve?
Pericardicophrenic
83
Where does the vagus nerve originate?
Brainstem
84
Where do the right and left vagus nerve lie?
Right- lateral to trachea | Left- anterolateral to aortic arch
85
Where does the vagus nerve run in relation to the lungs?
Posterior to the roots of the lungs
86
Which plexus do the right and left vagus nerves enter? And where?
Esophageal plexus Right- posterior Left- anterior
87
What nervous system is the vagus nerve part of?
Autonomic - parasympathetic
88
What types of neurons does the vagus nerve carry?
Parasympathetic, visceral afferent
89
Where do the right and left vagus nerves go after the plexus?
After the esophageal plexus they come back together as the anterior and posterior vagal trunks
90
Where does the left recurrent laryngeal nerve originate?
Vagus nerve near the aortic arch and posterior to ligamentum arterosium
91
Where does the left recurrent laryngeal nerve lie?
Ascends lateral to trachea
92
What type of neurons does the left recurrent laryngeal nerve carry?
Somatic efferent
93
What nervous system is the left recurrent laryngeal nerve part of?
Somatic nervous system
94
What does the left recurrent laryngeal nerve innervate?
Larynx
95
What are the 3 parts of the thoracic cavity?
2 pleural cavities, 1 mediastinal cavity
96
Where do the IVC, esophagus and aorta pass through the diaphragm?
I8 E10 A12 (also includes azygos, symp chain, thoracic duct)

Anatomy Quiz 3 (4 decks)

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