ANS

Question 1

Function of somatic nervous system?

Answer 1

• activate skeletal muscle contration
• sensory/afferent go to CNS
• motor/efferent go from CNS to skeletal muscle
• VOLUNTARY

Question 2

autonomic nervous system function?

Answer 2

• smooth muscle, cardiac, metabolic activities

- INVOLUNTARY

Question 3

primary NT in the sympathetic NS?

parasympathetic NS?

Answer 3

• Norepi

- ACH

Question 4

where is ACH released?

Answer 4

• all autonomic ganglia (sym and parasym)
• parasym neuroeffector junction
• somatic neuromuscular junction

Question 5

Epi is released from where?

Answer 5

adrenal medulla in response to activation of sympathetic

Question 6

Dopamine is released where?

Answer 6

peripheral sympathetic fibers

Question 7

parasym effects

Answer 7

• rest and digest
• specific response
• increase GI function
• increase urination
• decrease HR
• bronchoconstriction

Question 8

sym effects

Answer 8

• fight or flight
• diffuse response
• increased heart rate
• bronchodilation
• decreased GI function
• decreased urination

Question 9

pupil adrenergic receptor

Answer 9

A1

Question 10

heart rate adrenergic receptor

Answer 10

B1

Question 11

smooth muscle adrenergic receptor

Answer 11

B2

Question 12

gastric secretion adrenergic receptor

Answer 12

B

Question 13

pancreas secretion adrenergic receptor

Answer 13

A

Question 14

arteries/veins adrenergic receptor and liver adrenergic receptor

Answer 14

A1/B2

Question 15

salivary secretion adrenergic receptor

Answer 15

A1, B

Question 16

effects of stimulating muscarinic receptors (ACH)

Answer 16

Salivation
Lacrimation
Urination
Defacaion
GI motility
Erection
also decrease HR, bronchoconstriction

Question 17

effects of stimulating nicotinic receptors (ACH)

Answer 17

opposite effects of muscarinic

tachycardia, HTN

Question 18

A1 adrenergic receptors function

Answer 18

• constrict blood vessels

- constrict vascular smooth muscle

Question 19

A2 adrenergic receptors function

Answer 19

-inhibition of NE release from nerve endings at pre-synaptic post ganglionic neuron

Question 20

B1 adrenergic receptor function

Answer 20

• cardiac stimulation (increase HR)

- increased lipolysis

Question 21

B2 adrenergic receptor function

Answer 21

• smooth muscle relaxation

- glycogenolysis in liver/muscle

Question 22

direct agonists work by activating

Answer 22

postsynaptic receptors

Question 23

indirect agonists work by

Answer 23

• stimulating release in NT
• inhibit reuptake of NT
• inhibit metabolism of NT

Question 24

direct antagonists work by

Answer 24

blocking postynaptic receptors

Question 25

indirect antagonists work by

Answer 25

- inhibiting synthesis of NT - prevent vesicular storage of NT - inhibit release of NT

Question 26

ACH and carbachol activate...

Answer 26

- nicotinic and muscarinic (direct cholinergic agonist) | - for COAG, miosis

Question 27

bethanechol activates....

Answer 27

- only muscarinic (direct cholinergic agonist) | - stimulates bladder w/o effect on HR/BP

Question 28

this is used to treat dry mouth associated with Sjogren's disease

Answer 28

cevimeline (exovac)

Question 29

common muscarinic receptor antagonists

Answer 29

-atropine -scopalamine these inhibit effect of PNS stimulation (increase HR, smooth muscle relaxation)

Question 30

ocular, respiratory and cardiac effects of muscarinic receptor antagonists

Answer 30

ocular-mydriasis, dry eye respiratory-increase bronchodilation cardiac-increase HR,, used for bradycardia

Question 31

drug to treat parkinsons

Answer 31

benztropine (muscarinic antagonist)

Question 32

direct acting adrenergic agonists

Answer 32

- epi/NE/dopamine | - albuterol/phenylephrine

Question 33

indirect adrenergic agonists

Answer 33

- amphetamine | - cocaine

Question 34

Alpha 1 adrenergic agonist produces.... Beta 1 Beta 2

Answer 34

- vasoconstriction, increased BP - cardiac stimulation - vasodilation, bronchiole relaxation

Question 35

catecholamines are metabolized via

Answer 35

MAO and COMT

Question 36

epi can bind to all adrenergic receptors to produce....

Answer 36

- vasoconstriction and increase BP - cardiac stimulation - bronchodilation

Question 37

function of isoproterenol

Answer 37

used to treat asthma (B2 bronchodilation), AV block, bradycardia (B1 cardiac stim)

Question 38

function of dopamine

Answer 38

used to treat cardiogenic shock, septic shock, heart failure

Question 39

function of dobutamine

Answer 39

- used to treat cardiogenic shock, cardiac arrest, heart failure - highest affinity for B1 receptor

Question 40

direct adrenergic agonist (non-catecholamines) - phenylephrine - albuterol - clonidine - terbutaline

Answer 40

- vasoconstriction, increase BP. (A1)..used as nasal decongestant - bronchodilation (B2) - treat chronic HTN, inhibits NE release (feedback inhibition A2) - asthma and premature labor, bronchodilation and uterine relaxation (B2)

Question 41

indirect adrenergic agonists amphetamine cocaine tyramine

Answer 41

- increase release of NE and dopamine from SNS, causes vasoconstriction, increase HR and BP - stimulates SNS by blocking reuptake of NE and dopamine in the PNS and SNS - normal by product of tyrosine metabolism, indirect sympathomimetic b/c it causes release of stored catecholamines, avoid if taking MAOI

Question 42

nonselective A blockers block....and include these drugs

Answer 42

- a1 and a2 receptors - phenoxybenzamine (treats hypertensive episodes associated w/pheochromocytome) - phentolamine

Question 43

selective A1 blockers end in....and their function

Answer 43

"azosin" - relax smooth muscle, bladder, and prostate - produces vasodilation and decreased BP - treats HTN, urinary retention from BPH

Question 44

Non selective B blockers function

Answer 44

"olol" B1-decrease BP, CO, renin release B2-bronchoconstriction -used to treat HTN, angina, MI

Question 45

selective B blockers function

Answer 45

- selective for B1 (cardiac) - produce less bronchoconstriction - atenolol/metoprolol - used to treat HTN